Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
An Analytical Impact Assessment Framework for Wildlife to Inform the Siting and Permitting of Wind Energy Facilities Schwartz, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
RECON: Reef effect structures in the North Sea, islands or connections? Summary Report Coolen, J.; van der Weide, B.; Cuperus, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
ROSA Offshore Wind Project Monitoring Framework and Guidelines ROSA Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Hydrodynamic Modeling, Particle Tracking and Agent-Based Modeling of Larvae in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight Johnson, T.; van Berkel, J.; Mortensen, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Assessing Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Facilities on Regional Sea Scallop Laval and Early Juvenile Transports Chen, C.; Zhao, L.; He, P.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Seafloor Disturbance and Recovery Monitoring at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island – Summary Report Khan, A.; Smith, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Benthic and Epifaunal Monitoring During Wind Turbine Installation and Operation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island – Project Report Hutchison, Z.; Bartley, M.; English, P.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Nature-Inclusive Design: A Catalogue for Offshore Wind Infrastructure Hermans, A.; Bos, O.; Prusina, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
FLOATGEN floating wind turbine environmental monitoring report, SEM-REV test site Reynaud, M.; Le Bouhris, E.; Soulard, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations (2021 Revision) Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Development of Spatial Information Layers for Commercial Fishing and Shellfishing in UK Waters to Support Strategic Siting of Offshore Windfarms Dunstone, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Spatial Planning, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Effects of Marine Windfarms on the Distribution of Fish, Shellfish and Marine Mammals in the Horns Rev Area Hoffmann, E.; Astrup, J.; Larsen, F.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change, EMF, Avoidance, Attraction Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Waterfowl, Seabirds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
Harbour Seals at Horns Reef Before, During and After Construction of Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm Tougaard, J.; Tougaard, S.; Jensen, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Scroby Sands Seal Monitoring: Analysis of the 2005 Post-Construction Aerial Surveys Skeate, E.; Perrow, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Porpoises North of Sprogø Before, During and After Construction of an Offshore Wind Farm Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals
Summary on Seal Monitoring 1999-2005 around Nysted and Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farms Teilmann, J.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Summary on Harbour Porpoise Monitoring 1999-2006 around Nysted and Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farms Teilmann, J.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change Marine Mammals
COWRIE 1.5 The Potential Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Sub-Sea Power Cables Associated with Offshore Wind Farm Developments on Electrically and Magnetically Sensitive Marine Organisms - A Review Gill, A.; Gloyne-Philips, I.; Neal, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement GE Wind Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Burbo Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment The University of Liverpool Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Dønnesfjord Windpark, Hasvik Municipality: Impact Assessment, Evaluation of Natural Environment Jacobsen, K.; Borg, L.; Johnsen, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Strategic Impact Assessment of Offshore Windpower in Norway - Impacts on Seabirds Lorensten, S.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, S.; Follestad, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Assessment of the Effects of the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ) for Harbour Porpoise (comparison T0 and T1) Scheidat, M.; Aarts, G.; Bakker, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Assessment of Electromagnetic Interference Effects of the Solano Windfarm: Final Report Sengupta, D.; Ferris, J.; Senior, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind EMF Navigation, Human Dimensions
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects HT Harvey and Associates Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals
Impacts on Wildlife and Government Responsibilities for Regulating Development and Protecting Wildlife Office, United States Government Accountability Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility Ocotillo Express Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds, Bats
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide Jones, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats
Marine Mammals Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Southall, B.; Morse, L.; Williams, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects California State Lands Commission Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource Christol, C.; Oteri, F.; Laurienti, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Vineyard Wind 1 Offshore Wind Energy Project: Final Environmental Impact Statement Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
South Fork Wind Farm and South Fork Export Cable Project Draft Environmental Impact Statement Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy EMF Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
The Dynamic Ocean: Offshore Wind Energy and Other Activities in the New York Bight New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Fisheries, Navigation
Working Group on Marine Benthal and Renewable Energy Developments (WGMBRED) ICES Working Group on Marine Renewable Energy (WGMRE) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Marine Scotland Review of Approaches and Costs of Decommissioning Offshore Wind Installations Public Report Marine Scotland Science Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Interim Guidelines to Avoid and Minimize Wildlife Impacts from Wind Turbines US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Searchlight Wind Energy Project Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Maiden Wind Farm Benton County, Washington Final SEPA Environmental Impact Statement and Final NEPA Environmental Impact Statement Bonneville Power Administration Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Burbo Offshore Wind Farm Construction Phase Environmental Monitoring Report Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Ltd (CMACS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Final Site-Wide Environmental Assessment Department of Energy's National Wind Technology Center Golden, Colorado at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Technical Report: Assessment of Impacts to Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, and ESA-Listed Fish Species Revolution Wind Offshore Wind Farm CSA Ocean Sciences Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Measuring and visualizing environmental and social impacts of wind energy projects Pian, A.; Verhoef, J.; De Vries, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Floating Offshore Wind: Environmental Interactions Roadmap: Public Summary Report ORE Catapult; Xodus Group Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation
Guidelines for Lighting and Marking of Structures Supporting Renewable Energy Development Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Lighting Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector WWF France Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning

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