Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
European plaice movements show evidence of high residency, site fidelity, and feeding around hard substrates within an offshore wind farm Buyse, J.; Reubens, J.; Hostens, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Fish, Demersal Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Vision paper: Decommissioning offshore windparks in the Belgian part of the North Sea Van Maele, T.; Desplenter, N.; Van Aken, I.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Effects of pile driving sound on local movement of free-ranging Atlantic cod in the Belgian North Sea Auteurs van der Knaap, I.; Slabbekoorn, H.; Moens, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Evaluating receiver contributions to acoustic positional telemetry: a case study on Atlantic cod around wind turbines in the North Sea van der Knaap, I.; Slabbekoorn, H.; Winter, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Fish, Pelagic Fish
Offshore wind farms and the attraction-production hypothesis: insights from a combination of stomach content and stable isotope analyses Mavraki, N.; Degraer, S.; Vanaverbeke, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season Peschko, V.; Mendel, B.; Müller, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
On the food-web ecology of offshore wind farms, the kingdom of suspension feeders Mavraki, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Functional differences in trophic structure of offshore wind farm communities: A stable isotope study Mavraki, N.; Degraer, S.; Moens, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Attracted to the outside: a meso-scale response pattern of lesser black-backed gulls at an offshore wind farm revealed by GPS telemetry Vanermen, N.; Courtens, W.; Daelemans, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Assessing and Managing Effect Spheres of Influence Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: a Continued move towards Integration and Quantification Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment
Environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: Environmental impact monitoring reloaded Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Acoustic stress responses in juvenile sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax induced by offshore pile driving Debusschere, E.; Hostens, K.; Adriaens, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Equivocal Effects of Offshore Wind Farms in Belgium on Soft Substrate Epibenthos and Fish Assemblages Vandendriessche, S.; Derweduwen, J.; Hostens, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates
Towards a Cumulative Collision Risk Assessment of Local and Migrating Birds in North Sea Offshore Wind Farms Brabant, R.; Vanermen, N.; Steinen, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
Assessing Seabird Displacement at Offshore Wind Farms: Power Ranges of a Monitoring and Data Handling Protocol Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Verschelde, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Seabird Avoidance and Attraction at an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Courtens, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
In Situ Mortality Experiments with Juvenile Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Relation to Impulsive Sound Levels Caused by Pile Driving of Windmill Foundations Dubusschere, E.; de Coensel, B.; Bajek, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Windpark Mermaid Milieueffectenrapport International Marine and Dredging Consultants Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
The Ecology of Benthopelagic Fishes at Offshore Wind Farms: A Synthesis of 4 Years of Research Reubens, J.; Degraer, S.; Vincx, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Diel Variation in Feeding and Movement Patterns of Juvenile Atlantic Cod at Offshore Wind Farms Reubens, J.; Rijcke, M.; Degraer, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Energy Profiling of Demersal Fish: A Case-Study in Wind Farm Artificial Reefs De Troch, M.; Reubens, J.; Heirman, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Residency, Site Fidelity and Habitat Use of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) at an Offshore Wind Farm Using Acoustic Telemetry Reubens, J.; Pasotti, F.; Degraer, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish
Offshore Wind Farms as Productive Sites or Ecological Traps for Gadoid Fishes? - Impact on Growth, Condition Index and Diet Composition Reubens, J.; Vandendriessche, S.; Zenner, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Attraction Fish, Demersal Fish
Windpark SeaStar Milieueffectenrapport International Marine and Dredging Consultants Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Aggregation at Windmill Artificial Reefs: CPUE of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) and Pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at Different Habitats in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Reubens, J.; Braeckman, U.; Vanaverbeke, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Bird Monitoring at Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea - Assessing Seabird Displacement Effects Vanermen, N.; Stienen, E.; Courtens, W.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Do Windmill Parks Function as a Refugium? Derweduwen, J.; Hostens, K.; Reubens, J.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Heading for an Understanding of Environmental Impacts Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Aggregation and Feeding Behaviour of Pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at Wind Turbines in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Reubens, J.; Degraer, S.; Vincx, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Selected findings from the baseline and targeted monitoring Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Weighing Natural Variability and Anthropogenic Impacts: A Case Study of Demersal Fish and Epibenthic Communities in the Belgian Part of the North Sea De Backer, A.; Vandendriessche, S.; Wittoeck, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: State of the Art After Two Years of Environmental Monitoring Degraer, S.; Brabant, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
MER Offshore Windmolenpark Bligh Bank Belwind NV De Sutter, R.; Volckaet, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries
Belwind Environmental Impact Study: Non-Technical Summary De Sutter, R.; Volckaet, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries

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