The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Beneath the blades: Marine wind farms support parts of local biodiversity - a systematic review | Knorrn, A.; Teder, T.; Kaasik, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates | |
Realizing the Potential of eDNA Biodiversity Monitoring Tools in the Marine Environment with Application to Offshore Renewable Energy | Sepulveda, A.; Morrison, C.; Hunter, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Environmental DNA for monitoring the impact of offshore wind farms on fish and invertebrate community structures | Cornelis, I.; De Backer, A.; Maes, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates | |
Assessing environmental impacts of offshore wind farms: lessons learned and recommendations for the future | Rahman, F.; Kumar, P. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Guardians of the seabed: Nature-inclusive design of scour protection in offshore wind farms enhances benthic diversity | Kingma, E.; ter Hofstede, R.; Kardinaal, E.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Noise pollution causes parental stress on marine invertebrates, the Giant scallop example | Gigot, M; Tremblay, R.; Bonnel, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Invertebrates | |
Environmental impacts from large-scale offshore renewable-energy deployment | Ouro, P.; Fernandez, R.; Armstrong, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Using a Mechanical Whale to Test Automatic Whale Blow Detection with Applications to Offshore Wind Development | Eaton, R.; Prisco, J.; Everson, J.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Marine Mammals | |
Will wind development adversely impact North Atlantic right whales through an increase in vessel traffic? | Bishop, A. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
A review on the interactions between engineering and marine life: key information for engineering professionals | Dobson, T.; Lenchine, V.; Bainbridge, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Primary vs grey: A critical evaluation of literature sources used to assess the impacts of offshore wind farms | Szostek, C.; Edwards-Jones, A.; Beaumont, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
Settlement success of European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) on different types of hard substrate to support reef development in offshore wind farms | ter Hofstede, R.; Witte, S.; Kamermans, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Ecosystem indicators: predicting population responses to combined climate and anthropogenic changes in shallow seas | Trifonova, N.; Scott, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
A synthesis review of nature positive approaches and coexistence in the offshore wind industry | Pardo, J.; Aune, M.; Harman, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Impact of geophysical and geotechnical site investigation surveys on fish and shellfish | Duffy, O.; Chumbinho, R.; Coca, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Short-term habituation of the longfin squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) to pile driving sound | Jézéquel, Y.; Jandial, P.; Cones, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Invertebrates | |
Acoustic ecology of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) between two U.S. offshore wind energy areas | Holdman, A.; Tregenza, N.; Van Parijs, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Reducing uncertainty in underwater noise assessments for offshore wind (ReCon) | Carbon Trust | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Towards understanding environmental and cumulative impacts of floating wind farms: Lessons learned from the fixed-bottom offshore wind farms | Rezaei, F.; Contestabile, P; Vicinanza, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Vision paper: Decommissioning offshore windparks in the Belgian part of the North Sea | Van Maele, T.; Desplenter, N.; Van Aken, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions | |
Nationwide Recommendations for Impact Pile Driving Sound Exposure Modeling and Sound Field Measurement for Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plans | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Integrating Bird and Marine Mammal Monitoring into Offshore Wind Energy Development Infrastructure and Operations | Courbis, S.; Etter, H.; Pacini, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Entanglement | Birds, Marine Mammals | |
Longfin squid reproductive behaviours and spawning withstand wind farm pile driving noise | Jones, I.; Schumm, M.; Stanley, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Invertebrates | |
Erfahrungsbericht Betriebsschall: Projektübergreifende Auswertung und Bewertung der Unterwasserschallmessungen aus der Betriebsphase von Offshore-Windparks | Bellmann, M.; Müller,T.; Scheiblich, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Residency and habitat use of European lobster (Homarus gammarus) within an offshore wind farm | Thatcher, H.; Stamp, T.; Wilcockson, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Spatial Impact of Wind Farm Construction on Harbor Porpoise Detectability | van Geel, N.; Benjamins, S.; Marmo, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
A wind of change for soft-sediment infauna within operational offshore windfarms | Lefaible, N.; Braeckman, U.; Degraer, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Setting EU Threshold Values for continuous underwater sound | Druon, J.; Hanke, G.; Casier, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Evaluating the Benefits of Noise Reduction Mitigation: The ECHO Program | Malinka, C.; Tollit, D.; Trounce, K.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Setting EU Threshold Values for impulsive underwater sound | Sigray, P.; Andersson, M.; André, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals | |
U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Noise Reduction Associated with Installation of Fixed-Bottom Foundations: Workshop Report | Green, R.; Farr, H.; Ryan, K.; et al. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Ocean Wind 1 Construction and Operations Plan | Ocean Wind 1 | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions | |
Ornithological and Marine Fauna Aerial Digital Survey: First Semiannual Report | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future | Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | |
An integrated conceptual model to characterize the effects of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services | Baulaz, Y.; Mouchet, M.; Niquil, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Managing human activity and marine mammals: A biologically based, relativistic risk assessment framework | Southall, B.; Tollit, D.; Amaral, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Revolution Wind COP Appendix P3: Underwater Acoustic Modeling Analysis | Kusel, E.; Weirathmueller, M.; Zammit, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Underwater noise characteristics of offshore exploratory drilling and its impact on marine mammals | Huang, L-F.; Xu, X-M.; Yang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Data on benthic species assemblages and seafloor sediment characteristics in an offshore windfarm in the southeastern North Sea | Teschke, K.; Gusky, M.; Gutow, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
Functional trait responses to different anthropogenic pressures | Festjens, F.; Buyse, J.; De Backer, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates | |
Organic matter processing in a [simulated] offshore wind farm ecosystem in current and future climate and aquaculture scenarios | Voet, H.; Vlaminck, E.; van Colen, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Directional hydrophone clusters reveal evasive responses of small cetaceans to disturbance during construction at offshore windfarms | Graham, I.; Gillespie, D.; Gkikopoulou, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
PARC EOLIEN EN MER DE SAINTNAZAIRE: Phase Construction – Rapport opérationnel | Bellanger, J.; Clorennec, D.; Billand, P.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Offshore Wind Energy Permitting Processes in the European Union: An examination of Danish, German, Scottish and Swedish offshore permitting processes and case study of acoustic impact on marine mammals | Jack, T. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs | SEER | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
Reef effect of offshore structures on the occurrence and foraging activity of harbour porpoises | Fernandez-Betelu, O.; Graham, I.; Thompson, P. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development | Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Pile driving repeatedly impacts the giant scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) | Jézéquel, Y.; Cones, S.; Jensen, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Invertebrates |
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