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A review of the potential use of sonar to observe the underwater behaviour of diving birds near tidal energy devices

Abstract

Understanding the underwater behaviour of diving birds, in the vicinity of tidal turbines, is central to quantifying the risk, if any, of collision between such species and the rotating blades. This report considers both the scientific literature and some early, unpublished, trials of sonar use, to assess the potential applicability of underwater sonar systems in recording and describing such behaviour in these hostile environments.