The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor Sort descending |
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Competing for space? A multi-criteria scenario framework intended to model the energy–biodiversity–land nexus for regional renewable energy planning based on a German case study | Weber, J.; Steinkamp, T.; Reichenbach, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Bats, Birds, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Commercial Wind Lease Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Offshore Maine | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); US Department of the Interior (DOI) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment, Water Quality, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning, Navigation, Recreation & Tourism, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Social network analysis as a tool for marine spatial planning: Impacts of decommissioning on connectivity in the North Sea | Tidbury, H.; Taylor, N.; van der Molen, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
The uncertain future of the Norway lobster fisheries in the North Sea calls for new management strategies | Letschert, J.; Stollberg, N.; Rambo, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Evaluating Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Development on Fishing Operations by Comparing Fine- and Coarse-Scale Fishery-Dependent Data | Allen-Jacobson, L.; Jones, A.; Mercer, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Spatial planning offshore wind energy farms in California for mediating fisheries and wildlife conservation impacts | White, C.; Wang, Y-H; Walter, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Entanglement | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Offshore Wind Farms and the Environment: Danish Experiences from Horns Rev and Nysted | Danish Energy Agency | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Scottish Waters East Region Regional Sectoral Marine Plan Strategic Ornithology Study: final report | Searle, K.; Butler, A.; Mobbs, D.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms | Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector | WWF France | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Global offshore wind turbine dataset | Zhang, T.; Sengupta, D.; Zhang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Offshore Wind Power for Marine Conservation | Hammar, L.; Perry, D.; Gullström, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Environmental assessment of proposed areas for offshore wind farms off southern Brazil based on ecological niche modeling and a species richness index for albatrosses and petrels | Lemos, C.; Hernandez, M.; Vilardo, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
BirdLife Position on Renewable Energy at Sea and nature conservation | BirdLife International | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind | Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Marine Spatial Plan for Washington’s Pacific Coast | Bates, E.; Gianou, K.; Hennessey, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Sixth Interim Report | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Offshore wind farms and their effects on birds | Fox, A.; Petersen, I-K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Behavioral responses to offshore windfarms during migration of a declining shorebird species revealed by GPS-telemetry | Schwemmer, P.; Mercker, M.; Haecker, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Identifying migrant waterfowl and waterbird stopovers to inform wind energy development siting within Saginaw Bay | Monfils, M.; Gehring, J. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Assessing potential conflicts between offshore wind farms and migration patterns of a threatened shorebird species | Schwemmer, P.; Pederson, R.; Haecker, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision | Birds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy: Spatial and Temporal Marine Wildlife Distributions in the New York Offshore Planning Area, Summer 2016–Spring 2019 | Pembroke, A.; Robinson Willmott, J. | Report | Birds, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |||
Using Available Data and Information to Identify Offshore Wind Energy Areas Off the California Coast [2024] | Rockwood, R.; Salas, L.; Howar, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Essential Environmental Concepts for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector in Europe | Stephenson, P. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Early conservation benefits of a de facto marine protected area at San Clemente Island, California | Esgro, M.; Lindholm, J.; Nickols, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Techno-Economic Assessment of Offshore Wind Energy in the Philippines | Maandal, G.; Tamayao-Kieke, M.; Danao, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Fish, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Mapping potential environmental impacts of offshore renewable energy | Galparsoro, I.; Menchaca, I.; Seeger, I.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
An ecosystem-based natural capital evaluation framework that combines environmental and socio-economic implications of offshore renewable energy developments | Trifonova, N.; Scott, B.; Griffin, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Unravelling the ecological impacts of large-scale offshore wind farms in the Mediterranean Sea | Lloret, J.; Turiel, A.; Solé, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism | |
Evaluating the fish aggregation effect of wind turbine facilities by using scientific echo sounder in Nanlong wind farm area, western Taiwan | Huang, T.; Lu, H.; Lin, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Fish, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Managing Impacts of Human-Generated Sound on Marine Life | McPherson, S. | Guidance | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Noise | Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism | |
Summary Report: Best Management Practices Workshop for Atlantic Offshore Wind Facilities and Marine Protected Species | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of California Commercial Fisheries from 2005 to 2019 and Potential Overlap with Offshore Wind Energy Development | Wang, Y-H.; Walter, R.; White, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Nature-Inclusive Design: A Catalogue for Offshore Wind Infrastructure | Hermans, A.; Bos, O.; Prusina, I. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Identifying Ecological Metrics and Sampling Strategies for Baseline Monitoring During Offshore Wind Development | Brodie, J.; Kohut, J.; Zemeckis, D. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Benthic and Epifaunal Monitoring During Wind Turbine Installation and Operation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island - Project Report | Hutchison, Z.; Bartley, M.; English, P.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Hydrodynamic Modeling, Particle Tracking and Agent-Based Modeling of Larvae in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight | Johnson, T.; van Berkel, J.; Mortensen, L.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
RECON: Reef effect structures in the North Sea, islands or connections? Summary Report | Coolen, J.; van der Weide, B.; Cuperus, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Ecological implications of removing a concrete gas platform in the North Sea | Coolen, J.; Bittner, O.; Driessen, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Habitat Change | Fish, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Protected species considerations for ocean planning: A case study for offshore wind energy development in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico | Farmer, N.; Garrison, L.; Litz, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy Summer and Fall 2016 Semi-Annual Report | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |||
Ecosystem indicators: predicting population responses to combined climate and anthropogenic changes in shallow seas | Trifonova, N.; Scott, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
A synthesis review of nature positive approaches and coexistence in the offshore wind industry | Pardo, J.; Aune, M.; Harman, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Glider study at Hywind Scotland | Ramasco, V. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Human impact on highly mobile cetaceans: the use of biotelemetry data to inform ocean management | Evert, M. | Thesis | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |||
Atlantic Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species: FY15 – FY19 | Palka, D.; Aichinger Dias, L.; Broughton, E.; et al. | Report | Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
The Potential Compatibility of Designating Offshore Wind Farms within Wider Marine Protected Areas—Conservation of the Chinese White Dolphin Regarding Fishers’ Perception | Jhan, H-T.; Lee, H-T.; Ting, K-H. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Establishing baselines for predicting change in ambient sound metrics, marine mammal, and vessel occurrence within a US offshore wind energy area | Van Parijs, S.; DeAngelis, A.; Aldrich, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Digital Aerial Baseline Survey of Marine Wildlife in Support of Offshore Wind Energy: Spatial and Temporal Marine Wildlife Distributions in the New York Offshore Planning Area, Summer 2016–Spring 2019 | Pembroke, A.; Robinson Willmott, J. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning |
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