The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Assessing the sustainability of Blue Economy activities using an ecosystem and life cycle-based approach: Possibilities, challenges and implications for an informed policy making | De Luca Pena, L.; Dewulf, J.; Staes, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
Spatial planning offshore wind energy farms in California for mediating fisheries and wildlife conservation impacts | White, C.; Wang, Y-H; Walter, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Entanglement | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
The co-benefits of offshore wind under the UK Renewable Obligation scheme: Integrating sustainability in energy policy evaluation | Pashakolaie, V. ; Cotton, M.; Jansen, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Social & Economic Data | ||
Collaboration or competition? Interactions between floating and fixed-bottom offshore wind in Norway | Havinga, H.C.; Adriaan van der Loos, H.Z.; Steen, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
A Review of the Sustainable Siting of Offshore Wind Farms | Gkeka-Serpetsidaki, P.; Skiniti, G.; Tournaki, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Trade-offs of wind power production: A study on the environmental implications of raw materials mining in the life cycle of wind turbines | Morozovska, K.; Bragone, F.; Svensson, A.X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
The effect of moral framing on attitudes towards offshore wind farms in Turkey | Goral, E.; Hannum, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Social & Economic Data | ||
Answering the key stakeholder questions about the impact of offshore wind farms on marine life using hypothesis testing to inform targeted monitoring | Cresci, A.; Degraer, S.; Zhang, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | |
The global impact of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services | Watson, S.; Somerfield, P.; Lemasson, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
A synthesis of socioeconomic and sociocultural indicators for assessing the impacts of offshore renewable energy on fishery participants and fishing communities | Willis-Norton, E.; Mangin, T.; Schroeder, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | |
Life cycle carbon footprint accounting of an offshore wind farm in Southeast China—Simplified models and carbon benchmarks for typhoons | Sun, Z.; You, X. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning | Knights, A.; Lemasson, A.; Firth, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
To what extent can decommissioning options for marine artificial structures move us toward environmental targets? | Knights, A.; Lemasson, A.; Firth, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Monetized (socio-)environmental handprint and footprint of an offshore windfarm in the Belgian Continental Shelf: An assessment of local, regional and global impacts | De Luca Pena, L.; Taelman, S. E.; Bas, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
Norwegian offshore wind power—Spatial planning using multi-criteria decision analysis | Solbrekke, I. M.; Sorteberg, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Stakeholder insights into embedding marine net gain for offshore wind farm planning and delivery | Edwards-Jones, A.; Watson, S.C.L.; Szostek, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Ecosystem indicators: predicting population responses to combined climate and anthropogenic changes in shallow seas | Trifonova, N.; Scott, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
A synthesis review of nature positive approaches and coexistence in the offshore wind industry | Pardo, J.; Aune, M.; Harman, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
A holistic tool to assess the cost and environmental performance of floating offshore wind farms | Ferreira, V.; Benveniste, G.; Rapha, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
Impacts of offshore wind power development on China's marine economy and environment: A study from 2006 to 2019 | Liu, G.; Kong, Z.; Sun, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data | ||
Multispecies blue justice and energy transition conflict: examining challenges and possibilities for synergy between low-carbon energy and justice for humans and nonhuman nature | Tafon, R.; Saunders, F.; Pikner, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Legal & Policy | ||
Marine spatial planning identifies solutions for offshore wind farms at fishery and environment in Taiwan territorial waters | Liao, V. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
FINAL Information Needed for Issuance of a Notice of Intent (NOI) Under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for a Construction and Operations Plan (COP) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Cumulative effects of offshore renewables: From pragmatic policies to holistic marine spatial planning tools | Declerck, M.; Trifonova, N.; Hartley, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Protected species considerations for ocean planning: A case study for offshore wind energy development in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico | Farmer, N.; Garrison, L.; Litz, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Exploring agenda-setting of offshore energy innovations: Niche-regime interactions in Dutch Marine Spatial Planning processes | Kusters, J.; van Kann, F.; Zuidema, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Geospatial dimensions of the renewable energy transition — The importance of prioritisation | Butschek, F.; Peters, J.; Remmers, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Effective Stakeholder Engagement for Offshore Wind Energy Development: The State of New York's Fisheries and Environmental Technical Working Groups | Brunbauer, M.; Press, K.; Williams, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
An integrated conceptual model to characterize the effects of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services | Baulaz, Y.; Mouchet, M.; Niquil, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
Socio-political acceptability of floating offshore wind farms in France: challenges and perspectives for marine governance towards sustainability | Fofack-Garcia, R.; Mazé, C.; Safi, G.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | ||
In the shadow of nuclear dependency: Competing pathways and the social acceptance of offshore wind energy in France | Desvallées, L.; de Sartre, X. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Public attitudes of offshore wind energy in Japan: An empirical study using choice experiments | Iwata, K.; Kyoi, S.; Ushifusa, Y. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Offshore Wind Energy or Domestic Seafood? How the Department of the Interior Can Facilitate Both Through Self-Binding Procedures | Irwin, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy | ||
Wind Energy Contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals: Case Study on London Array | Olabi, A.; Obaideen, K.; Abdelkareem, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | ||
Constitutional aspects of ecological safety in relation to offshore wind farms in the British and Polish legal systems | Drewek, M.; Tretyn, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | ||
Managing human activity and marine mammals: A biologically based, relativistic risk assessment framework | Southall, B.; Tollit, D.; Amaral, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Development of a computable general equilibrium model based on integrated macroeconomic framework for ocean multi-use between offshore wind farms and fishing activities in Scotland | Qu, Y.; Hooper, T.; Austen, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | ||
Engaging stakeholders in marine spatial planning for collaborative scoring of conflicts and synergies within a spatial tool environment | Bonnevie, I.; Hansen, H.; Schrøder, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement | ||
Evaluating Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Development on Fishing Operations by Comparing Fine- and Coarse-Scale Fishery-Dependent Data | Allen-Jacobson, L.; Jones, A.; Mercer, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Tourists are people too: Nonresidents’ values, beliefs, and acceptance of a nearshore wind farm | Bidwell, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | ||
Getting to 30 GW by 2030: Visual preferences of coastal residents for offshore wind farms on the US East Coast | Cranmer, A.; Broughel, A.; Ericson, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts | ||
Reconciling climate action with the need for biodiversity protection, restoration and rehabilitation | Gorman, C.; Torsney, A.; Gaughran, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy | |
A Review of Offshore Renewable Energy in South America: Current Status and Future Perspectives | Shadman, M.; Roldan-Carvajal, M.; Pierart, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, OTEC, Salinity Gradient, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries | Bravo, M.; Brandt, M.; van der Grient, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Social & Economic Data | |
Diverse responses of coastal communities to offshore wind farming development in Southern Spain | Frolova, M.; Pérez-Pérez, B.; Herrero-Luque, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | ||
Environmental assessment of proposed areas for offshore wind farms off southern Brazil based on ecological niche modeling and a species richness index for albatrosses and petrels | Lemos, C.; Hernandez, M.; Vilardo, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Environmental licensing for offshore wind farms: Guidelines and policy implications for new markets | de Vasconcelos, R.; Silva, L.; Gonzalez, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning | ||
Conflicts between Fisheries and Offshore Wind Power in Taiwan: Legal and Administrative Prospects | Tseng, H.; Kao, S-C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy | ||
Regulatory and Policy Frameworks for Offshore Wind Projects: Spatial and Temporal Considerations in Light of Fisheries Sustainability amid Climate Change | Al Arif, A.; Anchustegui, I. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Fisheries, Legal & Policy | ||
Public dialogue as a collaborative planning process for offshore wind energy projects: Implications from a text analysis of a South Korean case | Park, S.; Yun, S.; Cho, K. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data |
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