WREN has created a free, online tool to catalog monitoring and mitigation technologies developed to assess and reduce potential wildlife impacts resulting from land-based and offshore wind energy development. Technologies are independently reviewed and the tool will be continuously maintained and updated to ensure the international community has access to current, publicly available information on monitoring and mitigation solutions, their state of development, and related research.
Results can be refined by selecting from the drop down menus or entering a search term. You can also download the full list of monitoring and mitigation technologies or look up definition of terms used in this tool.
Technologies are reviewed on an annual basis, but can be updated more frequently if needed, by emailing tethys@pnnl.gov. The wind energy community may also contribute additional technologies for consideration by filling out this survey.
Last updated: 28 July 2026.
Displaying 121 - 124 of 124 technologies
| Type | Stressor & Receptor | Technology | Description | Placement & Integration | Research Summary | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monitoring Land-based Operation, Planning |
Turbine Collision Bats |
Wildlife Imaging Systems LLC Wildlife Activity and Mortality Detection System | Camera System , Software Wildlife Imaging Systems aims to improve wildlife monitoring and mortality assessments around operational wind turbines with automated artificial intelligence software paired with commercially available camera systems....Read more Wildlife Imaging Systems aims to improve wildlife monitoring and mortality assessments around operational wind turbines with automated artificial intelligence software paired with commercially available camera systems. The concept is to use three thermal cameras to monitor the airspace around the wind turbine, two cameras dedicated to monitoring wildlife mortality that falls to the ground and one camera dedicated to quantifying the activity in the turbine rotor swept area. The system software was developed to count and track wildlife flight paths. Read less |
Cameras mounted at the bottom of the turbine tower, accompanying artificial intelligence software |
No available documents. | |
| Mitigation Offshore, Land-based Operation |
Turbine Collision Birds, Bats |
Flash Technology Wind Turbine Obstruction Lighting | Deterrent The Wind Turbine Obstruction Lighting system employs lights of FAA Type L-864 with the intent of deterring bats and birds from flying into the rotor swept zone of an operational wind turbine....Read more The Wind Turbine Obstruction Lighting system employs lights of FAA Type L-864 with the intent of deterring bats and birds from flying into the rotor swept zone of an operational wind turbine. Lights are pulsed at a rate of 30FPM and positioned so as to be visible from all directions as recommended by BOEM with the goal of reducing avian collision risk. Read less |
Per BOEM guidance: Two FAA Type L-864 mounted on opposite rear sides of the nacelle, three or more FAA Type L-810 spaced around mast |
Small-Scale Field Study
Kerlinger et al. (2010) analysed avian collision fatality data from 30 wind farms across the United States collected after 1995 to observe the effects of various types of obstruction lighting on avian mortalities. ...Read more Kerlinger et al. (2010) analysed avian collision fatality data from 30 wind farms across the United States collected after 1995 to observe the effects of various types of obstruction lighting on avian mortalities.
Gehring et al. (2009) studied the effects of various forms of obstruction lighting (flashing, non-flashing, white, red) on avian mortalities associated with communication towers in Michigan (US) from May to September of 2005.
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (2021) guidelines for obstruction lighting implemented on offshore wind turbines. FAA Type L-864 pulsing lights at the highest point of the turbine nacelle are currently recommended for offshore wind turbines. Read less |
Kerlinger et al. 2010, Gehring et al. 2009, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) 2021 |
| Monitoring Land-based, Offshore Operation |
Turbine Collision Birds, Bats |
Oregon State University Wind Turbine Sensor Unit for Monitoring of Avian and Bat Collisions (WTSU) | Acoustic Sensor , Camera System The Wind Turbine Sensor Unit for Monitoring of Avian & Bat Collisions aims to detect the impact of an avian collision with the blades of an operational wind turbine. The sensor unit is triggered on impact and is composed of accelerometers, microphones (contact and bioacoustic)....Read more The Wind Turbine Sensor Unit for Monitoring of Avian & Bat Collisions aims to detect the impact of an avian collision with the blades of an operational wind turbine. The sensor unit is triggered on impact and is composed of accelerometers, microphones (contact and bioacoustic). Cameras (infrared and visual) installed on each blade will save a number of images before and after the event for impact confirmation and specie recognition. Read less |
Accelerometers and contact microphones installed at the base of each turbine blade, visual cameras mounted on tower, microphones mounted on the nacelle, and a computer system in the nacelle. |
Small-Scale Field Study
Albertani et al. (2021) discussed the development of the strike detection system. The visual deterrent was tested with wild eagles in Oregon (US) in January and February of 2020....Read more Albertani et al. (2021) discussed the development of the strike detection system. The visual deterrent was tested with wild eagles in Oregon (US) in January and February of 2020. The integrated system was evaluated at a turbine in Colorado (US) in October 2018 and July 2019, and in New Mexico in April 2019.
Hu et al. (2021) evaluated the sensitivity of the multi-sensor strike detection system at wind turbines in Tucumcari, New Mexico and Boulder, Colorado (US) using launched tennis balls.
Suryan et al. (2016) conducted individual component tests at laboratories and field sites in Corvallis and Newport, Oregon, and in Seattle and Sequim, Washington, as well as at the North American Wind Research and Training Center in New Mexico and the National Wind Technology Center in Colorado. A fully integrated system was tested at the National Wind Technology Center in October 2014 and April 2015. Read less |
Albertani et al. 2021, Hu et al. 2018, Suryan et al. 2016 |
| Monitoring Land-based, Offshore Construction, Operation |
Turbine Collision Birds |
Biodiv-Wind X-Bird Radar | Radar X-Bird Radar is a radar-based monitoring system developed to detect and track bird activity around wind farms....Read more X-Bird Radar is a radar-based monitoring system developed to detect and track bird activity around wind farms. It provides real-time surveillance to enhance wildlife protection and turbine safety and performs trajectory and behavior analysis and can provide support for curtailment strategies and regulatory reporting. Read less |
Mounted on turbine |
No available documents. |