The evidence base for changes in oceanographic systems consists of 38 key documents that define what we understand about the effects of small numbers of wave and tidal energy devices on the physical environment, including water movement, water quality, and sediment. The initial evidence base was presented in a peer-reviewed paper, Whiting et al. (2023). Additional information on changes in oceanographic systems can be found in the 2024 State of the Science (Chapter 3), the 2020 State of the Science Report (Chapter 7), and the Tethys Knowledge Base.
View the other evidence bases for risk retirement here.
| Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modelling of a Wave Energy Converter Impact on Coastal Erosion, a Case Study for Palm Beach-Azur, Algeria | Moradi, M., Chertouk, N., Ilinca, A. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
| Effects of Tidal Stream Energy Exploitation on Estuarine Circulation and Its Seasonal Variability | Sanchez, M., Fouz, D., López, I., Carballo, R., Iglesias, G. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Water Quality | |
| Modelling the influence of Tidal Energy Converters on sediment dynamics in Banks Strait, Tasmania | Auguste, C., Nader, J., Marsh, P., Penesis, I., Cossu, R. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
| Hydrodynamic and Morphodynamic Influences from Ocean Current Energy Conversion Sites in the South–Southeastern Brazilian Inner Shelf | de Paula Kirinus, E., Oleinik, P., Marques, W. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Ocean Current | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
| The Potential of Wave Energy Conversion to Mitigate Coastal Erosion from Hurricanes | Ozkan, C., Mayo, T., Passeri, D. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wave | Changes in Flow | Human Dimensions | |
| The Expected Impact of Marine Energy Farms Operating in Island Environments with Mild Wave Energy Resources - A Case Study in the Mediterranean Sea | Rusu, L., Onea, F., Rusu, E. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
| Tidal turbines in the estuarine environment: From identifying optimal location to environmental impact | Ross, L., Sottolichio, A., Huybrechts, N., Brunet, P. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
| Wave Farms Impact on the Coastal Processes - A Case Study Area in the Portuguese Nearshore | Onea, F., Rusu, L., Carp, G., Rusu, E. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
| Tidal current power effects on nearby sandbanks: a case study in the Race of Alderney | Blunden, L., Haynes, S., Bahaj, A. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
| Understanding coastal impacts by nearshore wave farms using a phase-resolving wave model | Rijnsdorp, D., Hansen, J., Lowe, R. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
| Prospective of development of large-scale tidal current turbine array: An example numerical investigation of Zhejiang, China | Deng, G., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Liu, H., Xu, W., Pan, Y. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
| Turbines’ effects on water renewal within a marine tidal stream energy site | Guillou, N., Thiébot, J., Chapalain, G. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Changes in Flow | ||
| The impacts of tidal energy development and sea-level rise in the Gulf of Maine | Kresning, B., Hashemi, M., Neill, S., Green, J., Xue, H. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
| Future policy implications of tidal energy array interactions | Waldman, S., Weir, S., Murray, R., Woolf, D., Kerr, S. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Changes in Flow | Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
| Wave Energy Converter Configuration for Coastal Erosion Mitigation | Bergillos, R., Rodriguez-Delgado, C., Iglesias, G. | Book Chapter | Marine Energy, Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
| Wave Energy Converter Configuration for Coastal Flooding Mitigation | Bergillos, R., Rodriguez-Delgado, C., Iglesias, G. | Book Chapter | Marine Energy, Wave | Human Dimensions | ||
| Measuring the hydraulic effect of hydrokinetic energy extraction in the Tanana River, Alaska | Edgerly, E., Ravens, T. | Journal Article | Riverine, Marine Energy | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
| Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Wake Interactions of Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines | Gotelli, C., Musa, M., Guala, M., Escauriaza, C. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Riverine | Changes in Flow | Ecosystem Processes | |
| Dual wave farms for energy production and coastal protection under sea level rise | Rodriguez-Delgado, C., Bergillos, R., Iglesias, G. | Journal Article | Wave, Marine Energy | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
| Wave farm impacts on coastal flooding under sea-level rise: A case study in southern Spain | Bergillos, R., Rodriguez-Delgado, C., Iglesias, G. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions | |
| The effect of arrays of wave energy converters on the nearshore wave climate | Atan, R., Finnegan, W., Nash, S., Goggins, J. | Journal Article | Wave, Marine Energy | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
| Wave farm effects on the coast: The alongshore position | Rodriguez-Delgado, C., Bergillos, R., Ortega-Sánchez, M., Iglesias, G. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
| In situ observations and simulations of coastal wave field transformation by wave energy converters | Contardo, S., Hoeke, R., Hemer, M., Symonds, G., McInnes, K., O'Grady, J. | Journal Article | Wave, Marine Energy | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
| Using Coupled Hydrodynamic Biogeochemical Models to Predict the Effects of Tidal Turbine Arrays on Phytoplankton Dynamics | Schuchert, P., Kregting, L., Pritchard, D., Savidge, G., Elsäßer, B. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Changes in Flow | Ecosystem Processes | |
| Numerical modelling of wave energy resources and assessment of wave energy extraction by large scale wave farms | Venugopal, V., Nemalidinne, R., Vögler, A. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
| The impacts of tidal turbines on water levels in a shallow estuary | Garcia-Oliva, M., Djordjević, S., Tabor, G. | Journal Article | Tidal, Marine Energy | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
| Experimental Measurement of Wave Field Variations around Wave Energy Converter Arrays | O'Boyle, L., Elsäßer, B., Whittaker, T. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
| Potential Environmental Impact of Tidal Energy Extraction in the Pentland Firth at Large Spatial Scales: Results of a Biogeochemical Model | van der Molen, J., Ruardij, P., Greenwood, N. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
| Numerical modeling of the effects of wave energy converter characteristics on nearshore wave conditions | Chang, G., Ruehl, K., Jones, C., Roberts, J., Chartrand, C. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
| Impact of Tidal-Stream Arrays in Relation to the Natural Variability of Sedimentary Processes | Robins, P., Neill, S., Lewis, M. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport | |
| Coastal defence through wave farms | Abanades, J., Greaves, D., Iglesias, G. | Journal Article | Wave, Marine Energy | Changes in Flow | Sediment Transport, Physical Environment | |
| The effects of array configuration on the hydro-environmental impacts of tidal turbines | Fallon, D., Hartnett, M., Olbert, A., Nash, S. | Journal Article | Tidal, Marine Energy | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
| Tidal stream energy impact on the transient and residual flow in an estuary: A 3D analysis | Sanchez, M., Carballo, R., Ramos, V., Iglesias, G. | Journal Article | Tidal, Marine Energy | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
| Wave Energy Converter (WEC) Array Effects on Wave, Current, and Sediment Circulation: Monterey Bay, CA | Jones, C., Magalen, J., Roberts, J. | Report | Wave, Marine Energy | Changes in Flow | Sediment Transport, Physical Environment | |
| Modeling Tidal Stream Energy Extraction and its Effects on Transport Processes in a Tidal Channel and Bay System Using a Three-Dimensional Coastal Ocean Model | Yang, Z., Wang, T., Copping, A. | Journal Article | Tidal, Marine Energy | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
| Effect of Tidal Stream Power Generation on the Region-Wide Circulation in a Shallow Sea | Shapiro, G. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
| Marine Renewable Energy: The Ecological Implications of Altering the Hydrodynamics of the Marine Environment | Shields, M., Woolf, D., Grist, E., Kerr, S., Jackson, A., Harris, R., Bell, M., Beharie, R., Want, A., Osalusi, E., Gibb, S., Side, J. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment | |
| Effect of large-scale kinetic power extraction on time-dependent estuaries | Polagye, B., Malte, P., Kawase, M., Durran, D. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment |