Short Science Summary: European Wolves and Wind Energy Development

Gray Wolf

The Gray wolf (Canis lupus) is one of the most well-known and studied species because of its close and ancient relationship with humans. Wolves occur throughout the northern hemisphere, inhabiting a variety of habitats that range from Arctic tundra to Arabian deserts. They often live in human-dominated landscapes, particularly in Southern Europe and Asia. The biggest concern for wolves around wind farms is increased human disturbance in otherwise remote areas that are of particular importance for breeding packs. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
The Influence of High Ground Squirrel Densities on the Occurrence of Golden Eagles on Altamont Ownership Consortium Property Hunt, G., Culp, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Birds
An Evaluation of the Impact of the Alameda County/Land Owner Ground Squirrel Management Program on Squirrel Abundance, Raptor Use, and Raptor Fatalities: A status report Kerlinger, P., Curry, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Birds
Cumulative Impacts Analysis for Avian and Other Wildlife Resources from Proposed Wind Projects in Kittitas County, Washington Young, D. Jr., Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors, Terrestrial Mammals
Effects of Wind Turbines on Area Use and Behaviour of Semi-Domestic Reindeer in Enclosures Flydal, K., Eftestol, S., Reimers, E., Colman, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Results of Wildlife Movement Monitoring Using an Infrared Sensing Remote Camera Located Under Wind Turbine 7, Searsburg Wind Project During October 2005 Wallin, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
A Bird and Small Mammal BACI and IG Design Studies in a Wind Farm in Malpica (Spain) de Lucas, M., Janss, G., Ferrer, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Black Bear Corridor Crossings in the Vicinity of the Searsburg Wind Turbines as Investigated in 1995 Wallin, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Fatality Monitoring Study for the High Winds Wind Power Project Solano County, California: Two Year Report Kerlinger, P., Curry, R., Culp, L., Jain, A., Wilkerson, C., Fischer, B., Hasch, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Birds, Bats
An Assessment of Potential Direct and Indirect Impacts to Black Bear at the Proposed Deerfield Wind Farm Based Upon a Literature Review Parsons, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
The Effects of Wind Turbines on Antipredator Behavior in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) Rabin, L., Coss, R., Owings, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise, Collision, Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Response of Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus) to Wind-power Development Walter, W., Leslie, D., Jenks, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Results of Wildlife Movement Monitoring Using an Infrared Sensing Remote Camera Located Under Wind Turbine 7, Searsburg Wind Project April-November 2006 Wallin, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Passerines, Terrestrial Mammals
Adverse Impacts of Wind Power Generation on Collision Behaviour of Birds and Anti-Predator Behaviour of Squirrels Kikuchi, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals, Birds
Breathe of Life: Ethical Wind Power and Wildlife Loder, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Terrestrial Mammals
Expansion of Hitra Wind-Power Plant - Consequences Related to Wildlife Except Birds Veiberg, V., Pedersen, H. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
The Impacts of Roads and other Infrastructure on Mammal and Bird Populations: A Meta-Analysis Benitez-Lopez, A., Alkemade, R., Verweij, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals, Birds
Assessing ecological responses of wolves to wind power plants in Portugal: methodological constrains and conservation implications Álvares, F., Rio-Maior, H., Roque, S., Nakamura, M., Cadete, D., Pinto, S., Petrucci-Fonseca, F. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Terrestrial Mammals
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide Jones, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions
The Impacts of Wind Power on Terrestrial Mammals: A Synthesis Helldin, J., Jung, J., Neumann, W., Olsson, M., Skarin, A., Widemo, F. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Is there Room for All of Us? Renewable Energy and Xerospermophilus mohavensis Inman, R., Esque, T., Nussear, K., Leitner, P., Matocq, M., Weisberg, P., Dilts, T., Vandergast, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Spatial Ecology of Female Mule Deer in an Area Proposed for Wind Energy Development Webb, S., Dzialak, M., Houchen, D., Kosciuch, K., Winstead, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Black Bears (Ursus americanus) as a Novel Potential Predator of Agassiz's Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at a California Wind Energy Facility Lovich, J., Delaney, D., Briggs, J., Agha, M., Austin, M., Reese, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals, Reptiles
Do human activity and infrastructure disturb domesticated reindeer? The need for the reindeer’s perspective Skarin, A., Åhman, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals
Wind and Wildlife: Siting Issues and Challenges Walker, R., Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals, Fish, Birds, Bats
Reindeer and windpower Skarin, A., Nellemann, C., Sandström, P., Rönnegård, L., Lundqvist, H. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Terrestrial Mammals
Deerfield Wind Black Bear Study Update: August, 2015 Interim Report Comeau, J., Hammond, F. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Wind farm prioritisation based on potential impacts on wolf (Canis lupus) habitat in Croatia Passoni, G. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
An assessment of non-volant terrestrial vertebrates response to wind farms—a study of small mammals Łopucki, R., Mróz, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Factors Influencing Winter Mortality Risk for Pronghorn Exposed to Wind Energy Development Taylor, K., Beck, J., Huzurbazar, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Wind farm prioritisation based on potential impacts on wolf habitat in Croatia Passoni, G. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Environmental Interview: The Effects of Wind Power on Land-Dwelling Mammals Helldin, J., Skarin, A. Video Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Terrestrial Mammals
Wind turbines cause chronic stress in badgers (Meles meles) in Great Britain Agnew, R., Smith, V., Fowkes, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Terrestrial Mammals
Impacts of wind power infrastructure development on semi-domesticated reindeer and reindeer husbandry Skarin, A., Sandström, P., Alam, M., Buhot, Y., Nellemann, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Effects of Wind Turbines on Spatial Distribution of the European Hamster Łopucki, R., Perzanowski, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Framework for strategic wind farm site prioritisation based on modelled wolf reproduction habitat in Croatia Passoni, G., Rowcliffe, J., Whiteman, A., Huber, D., Kusak, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 1. Onshore: Potential Effects Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Reptiles, Terrestrial Mammals
Reindeer habitat use in relation to two small wind farms, during preconstruction, construction, and operation Skarin, A., Alam, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals
Do Terrestrial Animals Avoid Areas Close to Turbines in Functioning Wind Farms in Agricultural Landscapes? Łopucki, R., Klich, D., Gielarek, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Mammalian Mesocarnivore Visitation at Tortoise Burrows in a Wind Farm Agha, M., Smith, A., Lovich, J., Delaney, D., Ennen, J., Briggs, J., Fleckenstein, L., Tennant, L., Puffer, S., Walde, A., Arundel, T., Price, S., Todd, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise, Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals, Reptiles
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