Short Science Summary: Bat Interactions with Land-Based Wind Energy: A European and North American Perspective

Hoary Bat

Estimates of fatality indicate hundreds of thousands of bats are killed annually at wind turbines both in Europe and North America. Given bats are long-lived and typically only have 1 to 2 pups per year, existing fatality rates may not be sustainable for certain species. Recent studies indicate population-level declines are possible, particularly given the anticipated growth of wind energy development. This summary represents a general overview of the research, produced by WREN under IEA Wind.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Estimates of aerial vertebrate mortality at wind farms in a bird migration corridor and bat diversity hotspot Cabrera-Cruz, S., Cervantes-Pasqualli, J., Franquesa-Soler, M., Munoz-Jimenez, O., Rodriguez-Aguilar, G., Villegas-Patraca, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Wind energy development and wildlife conservation in Lithuania: A mapping tool for conflict assessment Morkune, R., Marčiukaitis, M., Jurkin, V., Gecevicius, G., Morkunas, J., Raudonikis, L., Markevicius, A., Narscius, A., Gasiunaite, Z. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Bats, Birds
Bat Impact Minimization Technology: An Improved Bat Deterrent for the Full Swept Rotor Area of Any Wind Turbine Cooper, D., Green, T., Miller, M., Rickards, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Bats
European free–tailed bat fatalities at wind farms in southern Spain Muñoz, A., Farfan, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Indiana Bat and Northern Long-Eared Bat Habitat Conservation Plan Timber Road II, III, and IV Wind Farms, Paulding County, Ohio Paulding Wind Farm, Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Long-term Acoustic Assessment of Bats at Spion Kop Reservoir, Montana for 2015-2017 Bachen, D., Burkholder, B., Maxell, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Bats
Evaluation of an Acoustic Deterrent to Reduce Bat Mortalities at an Illinois Wind Farm Romano, W., Skalski, J., Townsend, R., Kinzie, K., Coppinger, K., Miller, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Influence of landscape and time of year on bat-wind turbines collision risks Roemer, C., Bas, Y., Disca, T., Coulon, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
U.S. Geological Survey energy and wildlife research annual report for 2019 Khalil, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Fish, Terrestrial Mammals
First three‐dimensional tracks of bat migration reveal large amounts of individual behavioral flexibility O'Mara, M., Wikelski, M., Kranstauber, B., Dechmann, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Impacts to Wildlife of Wind Energy Siting and Operation in the United States Allison, T., Diffendorfer, J., Baerwald, E., Beston, J., Drake, D., Hale, A., Hein, C., Huso, M., Loss, S., Lovich, J., Strickland, M., Williams, K., Winder, V. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Understanding Wind Energy Impacts to Bats and Testing Reduction Strategies in South Texas Weaver, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Red bat fatality: Geographic extents through deuterium and niche models Murtaugh, R., Capparella, A., Kostelnick, J., Johnson, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
A smart curtailment approach for reducing bat fatalities and curtailment time at wind energy facilities Hayes, M., Hooton, L., Gilland, K., Grandgent, C., Smith, T., Lindsay, S., Collins, J., Schumacher, S., Rabie, P., Gruver, J., Goodrich-Mahoney, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Deuel Harvest North Wind Farm Deuel County, South Dakota Simon, S., Welch-Acosta, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Bats
2018 Post - Construction Monitoring Study Black Oak Getty Wind Project Stearns County, Minnesota Pickle, J., Lombardi, J., Stucker, J., DiDonato, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
2018 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Red Pine Wind Energy Facility Lincoln County, Minnesota Trana, M., Hyzy, B., Pickle, J., Gustafson, Z. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
An evidence-based approach to specifying survey effort in ecological assessments of bat activity Richardson, S., Lintott, P., Hosken, D., Mathews, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
New Creek Wind Project 2018 Post-construction Monitoring Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Utility-scale wind energy development challenges in Pennsylvania, 2018 Rohrs, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Echolocation activity of migratory bats at a wind energy facility: testing the feeding-attraction hypothesis to explain fatalities Reimer, J., Baerwald, E., Barlay, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction Bats
Bats and Wind Energy: Impacts, Mitigation, and Tradeoffs Allison, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
GenEst Statistical Models — A Generalized Estimator of Mortality Dalthorp, D., Madsen, L., Huso, M., Rabie, P., Wolpert, R., Studyvin, J., Simonis, J., Mintz, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Carcass Age and Searcher Identity Affect Morphological Assessment of Sex of Bats Nelson, D., Nagel, J., Trott, R., Campbell, C., Pruitt, L., Good, R., Iskali, G., Gugger, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Multi-state occupancy models of foraging habitat use by the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) Gorresen, P., Brinck, K., DeLisle, M., Montoya-Aiona, K., Pinzari, C., Bonaccorso, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Wind Energy and Bat Conservation - A Review by the Canadian Wind Energy Association Barnes, R., Hill, M., Peters, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Estimating habitat loss due to wind turbine avoidance by bats: Implications for European siting guidance Barre, K., Le Viol, I., Bas, Y., Julliard, R., Kerbiriou, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats
Barbastelle bats in a wind farm: are they at risk? Apoznanski, G., Sanchez-Navarro, S., Kokurewicz, T., Pettersson, S., Rydell, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Using network analysis to identify indicator species and reduce collision fatalities at wind farms Sebastian-Gonzalez, E., Perez-Garcia, J., Carrete, M., Donazar, J., Sanchez-Zapata, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Texturizing Wind Turbine Towers to Reduce Bat Mortality Bennett, V., Hendrix, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Estimating the Likelihood of Bat Barotrauma using Computational Simulations and Analytical Calculations Lawson, M., Jenne, D., Thresher, R. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Resolving environmental effects of wind energy Sinclair, K., Copping, A., May, R., Bennet, F., Warnas, M., Perron, M., Elmqvist, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals
Ultrasonic Bat Deterrent Technology Kinzie, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Resource Availability May Not Be a Useful Predictor of Migratory Bat Fatalities or Activity at Wind Turbines Bennett, V., Hale, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction Bats
A review of searcher efficiency and carcass persistence in infrastructure-driven mortality assessment studies Barrientos, R., Martins, R., Ascensão, F., D'Amico, M., Moreira, F., Borda-de-Água, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
Field validation of radar systems for monitoring bird migration Nilsson, C., Dokter, A., Schmid, B., Scacco, M., Verlinden, L., Backman, J., Haase, G., Dell'Omo, G., Chapman, J., Leijnse, H., Liechti, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Inconspicuous echolocation in hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) Corcoran, A., Weller, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Mitigating the negative impacts of tall wind turbines on bats: Vertical activity profiles and relationships to wind speed Wellig, S., Nussle, S., Miltner, D., Kohle, O., Glaizot, O., Braunisch, V., Obrist, M., Arlettaz, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Tier 4 Post-Construction Mortality Monitoring Study for the Odell Wind Energy Project Cottonwood and Jackson Counties, Minnesota: Final Fatality Report December 2016 – December 2017 Chodachek, K., Gustafson, Z. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Wind turbines impact bat activity, leading to high losses of habitat use in a biodiversity hotspot Millon, L., Colin, C., Brescia, F., Kerbiriou, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Bats
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