Fact Sheet: A Risk-Based Approach for Addressing Wind and Wildlife Interactions using Ecosystem-Based Management Values

Whale

In the context of land-based and offshore wind energy development, Risk-Based Management (RBM) examines the potential negative effects on birds, bats, terrestrial wildlife, marine mammals, other marine organisms and the habitats or migratory pathways that support them. RBM has the potential to ensure that wildlife protection measures are focused on the factors that pose the highest risks, while maximizing the production of energy.

The risk-based approach that most closely addresses aspects of the complex ecosystems that make up the landscapes/seascapes of wind energy development is Ecosystem Based Management (EBM). EBM includes effects of human activities as well as environmental and ecological factors, using approaches that embrace holistic methods to include human needs and effects in an integrated view for managing resources sustainably.

The Risk-Based Management Fact Sheet was created to provide a broad summary of the IEA Wind White Paper on A Risk-Based Approach for Addressing Wind and Wildlife Interactions Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values.

The table below contains the literature relevant to this summary document and will continue to be updated as new literature is added to Tethys.

Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Evaluating a Commercial-Ready Technology for Raptor Detection and Deterrence at a Wind Energy Facility in California Terrill, S., Howell, J., Smith, J., Zirpoli, J., Wolf, K., Lindke, K., Watt, S. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Understanding Marine Mammal Presence in the Virginia Offshore Wind Energy Area Salisbury, D., Estabrook, B., Klinck, H., Rice, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Wind Energy and Bat Conservation - A Review by the Canadian Wind Energy Association Barnes, R., Hill, M., Peters, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Golden Eagle Conservation Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility Ocotillo Express Guidance Wind Energy Birds, Raptors
South Fork Wind Farm COP Appendix Q: Avian and Bat Risk Assessment Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats, Birds, Seabirds
Marine Noise Budgets in Practice Merchant, N., Faulkner, R., Martinez, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm RPS group Website Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
New Creek Wind Project 2017 Post-construction Monitoring Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Biodiversity and Wind Farms in Portugal: Current Knowledge and Insights for an Integrated Impact Assessment Process Mascarenhas, M., Marques, A., Ramalho, R., Santos, D., Bernardino, J., Fonseca, C. Book Wind Energy Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals
Handbook on Marine Environment Protection: Science, Impacts, and Sustainable Management Salomon, M., Markus, T. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy
Spatial Demographic Models to Inform Conservation Planning of Golden Eagles in Renewable Energy Landscapes Wiens, J., Schumaker, N., Inman, R., Esque, T., Longshore, K., Nussear, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Raptors, Birds
Proceedings of the Wind-Wildlife Research Meeting XI Schwartz, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision
Telemetry for migratory bats - a feasibility study Lagerveld, S., Janssen, R., Manshanden, J., Haarsma, A., Vries, S., Brabant, R., Scholl, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Bats
Appendix I Aquatic Ecological Resource Characterization and Impact Assessment LimnoTech Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Tafila Region Wind Power Projects: Cumulative Effects Assessment International Finance Corporation (IFC) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Wind Energy and Wildlife Interactions Köppel, J. Book Wind Energy
Progress in Renewable Energies Offshore Soares, C. Book Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind
Legal feasibility of implementing a risk-based approach to MRE consenting and compatibility with Natura 2000 network Le Lièvre, C., O'Hagan, A., Culloch, R., Bennet, F., Broadbent, I. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Role of Benthic Habitat Distribution Data in Coastal Water Wind Turbine Site Selection Sahla, M., Kalliola, R., Haldin, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Invertebrates
Final Report Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Bird Fatality Study, Monitoring Years 2005–2013 ICF International Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Prioritizing Avian Species for Their Risk of Population Level Consequences from Wind Energy Development Beston, J., Diffendorfer, J., Loss, S., Johnson, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Data to Decision in a Dynamic Ocean: Robust Species Distribution Models and Spatial Decision Frameworks Halpin, P. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Recreation & Tourism
Assessing local population vulnerability with branching process models: an application to wind energy development Erickson, R., Eager, E., Stanton, J., Beston, J., Diffendorfer, J., Thogmartin, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
A framework for decision points to trigger adaptive management actions in long-term incidental take permits Dalthorp, D., Huso, M. Report Wind Energy Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
North Atlantic right whale occurrence near wind energy areas along the mid-Atlantic US coast: implications for management Hodge, K., Muirhead, C., Morano, J., Clark, C., Rice, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Landscapes for Energy and Wildlife: Conservation Prioritization for Golden Eagles across Large Spatial Scales Tack, J., Fedy, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Birds, Raptors
Repowering Smøla Wind-Power Plant: An Assessment of Avian Conflicts Dahl, E., May, R., Nygård, T., Åström, J., Diserud, O. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Wind Farms and Biodiversity: Improving Environmental Risk Assessments Boothroyd, I., Barea, L. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity & Wind Energy: A Bird's and Bat's Perspective Mascarenhas, M., Bernardino, J., Paula, A., Costa, H., Bastos, C., Cordeiro, A., Marques, A., Marqués, J., Mesquita, S., Paula, J., Pereira, M., Peste, F., Ramalho, R., Rodrigues, S., Santos, J., Veira, J., Fonseca, C. Book Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds
Key Learnings from Ten Years of Monitoring and Management Interventions at the Bluff Point and Studland Bay Wind Farms: Results of a Review Sims, C., Hull, C., Stark, E., Barbour, R. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Optimizing Conservation Strategies for Mexican Free-Tailed Bats: A Population Viability and Ecosystem Services Approach Wiederholt, R., Lopez-Hoffman, L., Svancara, C., McCracken, G., Thogmartin, W., Diffendorfer, J., Mattson, B., Bagstad, K., Cryan, P., Russell, A., Semmens, D., Medellin, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Bats
South African Good Practice Guidelines for Operational Monitoring for Bats at Wind Energy Facilities Aronson, J., Richardson, E., MacEwan, K., Jacobs, D., Marais, W., Aiken, S., Sowler, S., Hein, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats
Power from the Brave New Ocean: Marine Renewable Energy and Ecological Risks Hammar, L. Thesis Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Fish, Demersal Fish
Understanding the Potential for Marine Megafauna Entanglement Risk from Marine Renewable Energy Developments Benjamins, S., Harnois, V., Smith, H., Johanning, L., Greenhill, L., Carter, C., Wilson, B. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Entanglement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The Influence of Group Size and Social Interactions on Collision Risk with Obstacles Croft, S., Budgey, R., Pitchford, J., Wood, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Effects on Birds and Needs to Plan their Future Development in Spain Mateos-Rodriguez, M., Muñoz, A., Arroyo, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
ICES SGWTE Report 2013: Report of the Study Group on Environmental Impacts of Wave and Tidal Energy International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Learning from the Past to Optimise Future Monitoring Programmes Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
A retrospective tiered Environmental Assessment of the Mount Storm Wind Energy Facility, West Virginia, USA Efroymson, R., Day, R., Strickland, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Searchlight Wind Energy Project Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Displaying 41 - 80 of 109 results