TY - JOUR
TI - Greater Sage‐Grouse Response to the Physical Footprint of Energy Development
AU - Kirol, C
AU - Smith, K
AU - Graf, N
AU - Dinkins, J
AU - LeBeau, C
AU - Maechtle, T
AU - Sutphin, A
AU - Beck, J
T2 - The Journal of Wildlife Management
AB - Energy infrastructure and associated habitat loss can lead to reduced reproductive rates for a variety of species including the greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). Our goal was to refine our understanding of how the physical footprint of energy development relates to sage‐grouse nest and brood survival. Our survival analyses were conditional upon the amount of surface disturbance female sage‐grouse were exposed to during reproductive stages. We quantified levels of exposure and compared them to the surface disturbance levels of the surrounding area. From 2008–2014, we collected data in 6 study areas in Wyoming, USA, containing 4 primary types of renewable and nonrenewable energy development. Our research focused on press disturbance (i.e., disturbance sustained after initial disturbance and associated with existing energy infrastructure and human activity). Our results suggest exposure to press disturbance during nesting and brood‐rearing was related to lower nest and brood survival, which manifested at different spatial scales. Our analysis of nest survival suggested that the likelihood of a successful nest was negatively associated with the amount of press disturbance within an 8‐km² area. Broods exposed to any press disturbance within a 1‐km2 area were less likely to survive compared to broods not exposed to press disturbance. Female sage‐grouse consistently used habitat with lower disturbance levels during reproductive periods. Greater than 90% of nest and brood‐rearing locations were in habitat with <3% press disturbance within a 2.7‐km2 area. Our research links surface disturbance associated with press disturbance to reproductive costs incurred by sage‐grouse exposed to diverse energy development. Our results demonstrate a pattern of female avoidance of areas where press disturbance was high during nesting and brood‐rearing and survival of nests and broods were highest in areas that had the least amount of disturbance. Our findings underscore the importance of minimizing disturbance to maintain viable sage‐grouse populations. 
DA - 2020/07//
PY - 2020
VL - 84
IS - 5
SP - 989–1001
UR - https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jwmg.21854
DO - 10.1002/jwmg.21854
LA - English
KW - Wind Energy
KW - Land-Based Wind
KW - Displacement
KW - Habitat Change
KW - Birds
KW - Ground-Nesting Birds
ER -