TY - CHAP
TI - Review of Offshore Wind Farm Impact Monitoring and Mitigation with Regard to Marine Mammals
AU - Verfuss, U
AU - Sparling, C
AU - Arnot, C
AU - Judd, A
AU - Coyle, M
T2 - The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II
AB - Monitoring and mitigation reports from 19 UK and 9 other European Union (EU) offshore wind farm (OWF) developments were reviewed, providing a synthesis of the evidence associated with the observed environmental impact on marine mammals. UK licensing conditions were largely concerned with mitigation measures reducing the risk of physical and auditory injury from pile driving. At the other EU sites, impact monitoring was conducted along with mitigation measures. Noise-mitigation measures were developed and tested in UK and German waters in German government-financed projects. We highlight some of the review’s findings and lessons learned with regard to noise impact on marine mammals.
CY - New York, USA
DA - 2016/01//
PY - 2016
VL - 875
SP - 1175
EP - 1182
PB - Springer
UR - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_147
U1 - Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS)
LA - English
KW - Wind Energy
KW - Fixed Offshore Wind
KW - Marine Mammals
ER -