Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and OES-Environmental metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers.
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| Title | Author* | Date** |
Type of Content |
Technology Types | Stressors | Receptors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aggregation at Windmill Artificial Reefs: CPUE of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) and Pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at Different Habitats in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Reubens, J., et al. | March 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish, Nearfield Habitat |
| An Investigation into the Effects of Underwater Piling Noise on Salmonids | Nedwell, J., et al. | November 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Common Sole Larvae Survive High Levels of Pile-Driving Sound in Controlled Exposure Experiments | Bolle, L., et al. | March 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Diel Variation in Feeding and Movement Patterns of Juvenile Atlantic Cod at Offshore Wind Farms | Reubens, J., et al. | May 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Fish |
| Effects of the Construction of Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm on the Prey Base of Little Tern Sternula albifons at its Most Important UK Colony | Perrow, M., et al. | August 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem, Fish |
| Fish And Sessile Assemblages Associated With Wind-turbine Constructions In The Baltic Sea | Andersson, M., Öhman, M. | June 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish |
| Hearing in Fish and their Reactions to Sounds from Offshore Wind Farms | Wahlberg, M., Westerberg, H. | March 2005 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Offshore Windmills and the Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Fish | Öhman, M., Sigray, P., Westerberg, H. | December 2007 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish |
| Particle Motion Measured at an Operational Wind Turbine in Relation to Hearing Sensitivity in Fish | Sigray, P., Andersson, M. | July 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Recovery of Barotrauma Injuries in Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from Exposure to Pile Driving Sound | Casper, B., et al. | June 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Risk Formulation For The Sonic Effects Of Offshore Wind Farms On Fish In The EU Region | Kikuchi, R. | February 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Short- and Long-Term Effects of an Offshore Wind Farm on Three Species of Sandeel and their Sand Habitat | van Deurs, M., et al. | July 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish, Nearfield Habitat |
| The Effects Of Anthropogenic Sources Of Sound On Fishes | Popper, A., Hastings, M. | January 2009 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| The Potential for Cooperative Management of Elasmobranchs and Offshore Renewable Energy Development in UK Waters | Gill, A., Kimber, J. | October 2005 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| Threshold for Onset of Injury in Chinook Salmon from Exposure to Impulsive Pile Driving Sounds | Halvorsen, M., et al. | June 2012 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals | Miller, J., et al. | October 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | EMF, Noise | Benthic Invertebrates, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles |
| Effects of an Offshore Wind Farm on Temporal and Spatial Patterns in the Demersal Fish Community | Bergström, L., Sundqvist, F., Bergström, U. | June 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Fish |
| Energy Profiling of Demersal Fish: A Case-Study in Wind Farm Artificial Reefs | De Troch, M., et al. | December 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Fish |
| Residency, Site Fidelity and Habitat Use of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) at an Offshore Wind Farm Using Acoustic Telemetry | Reubens, J., et al. | September 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| The Effects of Human-Generated Sound on Fish | Popper, A., Hastings, M. | January 2009 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Responses of Free-Living Coastal Pelagic Fish to Impulsive Sounds | Hawkins, A., Roberts, L., Cheesman, S. | May 2014 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| The Potential of Offshore Wind Farms to Act as Marine Protected Areas | Ashley, M., Mangi, S., Rodwell, L. | March 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish |
| Do Windmill Parks Function as a Refugium? | Derweduwen, J., et al. | February 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| Effects of Pile Driving on the Behavior of Cod and Sole | Thomsen, F., et al. | January 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| In Situ Mortality Experiments with Juvenile Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Relation to Impulsive Sound Levels Caused by Pile Driving of Windmill Foundations | Dubusschere, E., et al. | October 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Equivocal Effects of Offshore Wind Farms in Belgium on Soft Substrate Epibenthos and Fish Assemblages | Vandendriessche, S., Derweduwen, J., Hostens, K. | September 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish |
| EIA for Wind Farms in the United Kingdom and Germany | Phylip-Jones, J., Fischer, T. | May 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Summary of Environment Impact of Renewable Energy Resources | Zhu, J., Cheung, K. | December 2012 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general | N/A | Birds, Fish |
| Diversity of Demersal and Megafaunal Assemblages Inhabiting Sandbanks of the Irish Sea | Atalah, J., et al. | June 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish |
| Mobile Demersal Megafauna at Artificial Structures in the German Bight - Likely Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Development | Krone, R., et al. | July 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish |
| Eco-Hydro-Acoustic Modeling and its Use as an EIA Tool | Rossington, K., et al. | October 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Long-Term Effects of an Offshore Wind Farm in the North Sea on Fish Communities | Stenberg, C., et al. | May 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| Impulsive Sounds Change European Seabass Swimming Patterns: Influence of Pulse Repetition Interval | Neo, Y., et al. | August 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Endangered Atlantic Sturgeon in the New York Wind Energy Area: implications of future development in an offshore wind energy site | Ingram, E., et al. | August 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| Temporal Variation in Environmental Conditions and the Structure of Fish Assemblages around an Offshore Oil Platform in the North Sea | Fujii, T. | July 2015 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Fish |
| Use of Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) and Motion Analysis for Studying the Impacts of Underwater Noise upon Free Ranging Fish and Implications for Marine Energy Management | Roberts, L., Perez-Dominguez, R., Elliott, M. | November 2016 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Effects of Pile Driving on the Residency and Movement of Tagged Reef Fish | Iafrate, J., et al. | November 2016 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| Onset of Barotrauma Injuries Related to Number of Pile Driving Strike Exposures in Hybrid Striped Bass | Casper, B., et al. | June 2017 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| The effects of temporary exclusion of activity due to wind farm construction on a lobster (Homarus gammarus) fishery suggests a potential management approach | Roach, M., et al. | February 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish, Socio-economics |
| Marine Noise Budgets in Practice | Faulkner, R., Merchant, N., Martinez, R. | May 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Swimming Behavior of Roach (Rutilus rutilus) and Three-spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in Response to Wind Power Noise and Single-tone Frequencies | Andersson, M., et al. | December 2007 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Improving visual biodiversity assessments of motile fauna in turbid aquatic environments | Jones, R., et al. | August 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals |
| Pelagic effects of offshore wind farm foundations in the stratified North Sea | Floeter, J., et al. | August 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Farfield Environment, Fish |
| Meta-Analysis of Finfish Abundance at Offshore Wind Farms | Methratta, E., Dardick, W. | March 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| The proportion of flatfish recruitment in the North Sea potentially affected by offshore windfarms | Barbut, L., et al. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| Camera technology for monitoring marine biodiversity and human impact | Bicknell, A., et al. | October 2016 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions |
| Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments | Copping, A., et al. | January 2015 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Oil and gas platforms as artificial substrates for epibenthic North Sea fauna: Effects of location and depth | Schutter, M., et al. | November 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates |
| Fish densities associated with structural elements of oil and gas platforms in southern California | Meyer-Gutbrod, E., et al. | October 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish |
| Mapping Fisheries for Marine Spatial Planning: Gear-Specific Vessel Monitoring System (VMS), Marine Conservation and Offshore Renewable Energy | Campbell, M., et al. | March 2014 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries |
| Flatfish habitat use near North America's first offshore wind farm | Wilber, D., Carey, D., Griffin, M. | September 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| Assessing cumulative socio-ecological impacts of offshore wind farm development in the Bay of Seine (English Channel) | Raoux, A., et al. | February 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | N/A | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Effect of an Offshore Wind Farm on the Viviparous Eelpout: Biometrics, Brood Development and Population Studies in Lillgrund, Sweden | Langhamer, O., Dahlgren, T., Rosenqvist, G. | January 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance | Fish |
| Changes in Fish Communities on a Small Spatial Scale, an Effect of Increased Habitat Complexity by an Offshore Wind Farm | van Hal, R., Griffioen, A., van Keeken, O. | May 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish |
| Assessing Ecological Risks of Offshore Wind Power on Kattegat Cod | Hammar, L., Wikström, A., Molander, S. | June 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| The Ecology of Benthopelagic Fishes at Offshore Wind Farms: A Synthesis of 4 Years of Research | Reubens, J., Degraer, S., Vincx, M. | January 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish |
| Offshore Wind Farms as Productive Sites or Ecological Traps for Gadoid Fishes? - Impact on Growth, Condition Index and Diet Composition | Reubens, J., et al. | September 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish |
| Aggregation and Feeding Behaviour of Pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at Wind Turbines in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Reubens, J., Degraer, S., Vincx, M. | February 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish |
| Epibenthic Colonization of Concrete and Steel Pilings in a Cold-Temperate Embayment: A Weld Experiment | Andersson, M., et al. | March 2009 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates |
| Fouling Assemblages on Offshore Wind Power Plants and Adjacent Substrata | Wilhelmsson, D., Malm, T. | September 2008 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates |
| The Influence Of Offshore Windpower On Demersal Fish | Wilhelmsson, D., Malm, T., Öhman, M. | March 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates |
| Assessing the State of Knowledge of Utility-Scale Wind Energy Development and Operation on Non-Volant Terrestrial and Marine Wildlife | Lovich, J., Ennen, J. | March 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General) | N/A | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles |
| Integrated Modelling Tools to Support Risk-Based Decision-Making in Marine Spatial Management | Stelzenmüller, V., et al. | November 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Offshore Wind Energy Research on Environmental Impacts | Köller, J., Köppel, J., Peters, W. | March 2006 | Book | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics |
| Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1) | Walls, R., et al. | January 2013 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Assessment Of The Effects Of Noise And Vibration From Offshore Wind Farms On Marine Wildlife | Vella, G., et al. | January 2001 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Assessment of Sub-Sea Acoustic Noise and Vibration from Offshore Wind Turbines and its Impact on Marine Wildlife; Initial Measurements of Underwater Noise during Construction of Offshore Windfarms, and Comparison with Background Noise | Nedwell, J., Langworthy, J., Howell, D. | May 2003 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Concerted Action for Offshore Wind Energy Deployment (COD): Overview of Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy | Roth, E., Verhoef, L., Dingenouts, M. | September 2004 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat |
| Danish Offshore Wind Key Environmental Issues - A Follow-up | Danish Energy Agency, et al. | February 2013 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Effect of the Horns Rev 1 Offshore Wind Farm on Fish Communities: Follow-up Seven Years after Construction | Stenberg, C., et al. | December 2011 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | EMF, Noise, Static Device | Fish, Nearfield Habitat |
| Effects of Sound on Fish | Hastings, M., Popper, A. | January 2005 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Noise on Marine Mammals and Fish | Tomsen, F., et al. | July 2006 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Measurement of Underwater Noise During Piling at the Red Funnel Terminal, Southampton, and Observation of its Affect on Caged Fish | Nedwell, J., et al. | October 2003 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Modelling of Noise Effects of Operational Offshore Wind Turbines Including Noise Transmission Through Various Foundation Types | Marmo, B., et al. | August 2013 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Residence Time and Behaviour of Sole and Cod in the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee | Winter, H., Aarts, G., van Keeken, O. | September 2010 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| Review of Migratory Routes and Behaviour of Atlantic Salmon, Sea Trout and European Eel in Scotland's Coastal Environment: Implications for the Development of Marine Renewables | Malcolm, I., Godfrey, J., Youngson, A. | January 2010 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| COWRIE 2.0 Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Phase 2: EMF Sensitive Fish Response to EM Emissions from Sub-sea Electricity Cables of the Type used by the Offshore Renewable Energy Industry | Gill, A., et al. | March 2009 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish |
| Strategic Review of Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring Data Associated with FEPA Licence Conditions: Fish | Walker, R., et al. | July 2009 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| Strategy of Approach Demersal Fish Fauna | Grift, R., Tien, N. | May 2003 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| COWRIE 1.5 The Potential Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Sub-Sea Power Cables Associated with Offshore Wind Farm Developments on Electrically and Magnetically Sensitive Marine Organisms - A Review | Gill, A., et al. | July 2005 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | EMF | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement | GE Wind Energy | January 2002 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Inch Cape Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement | Inch Cape Offshore | June 2011 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Farfield Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat, Socio-economics |
| Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm: Volume 2 - Chapter 13: Fish and Shellfish Ecology | Livesey, S., et al. | March 2013 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| Updated Summary of Knowledge: Selected Areas of the Pacific Coast | Kaplan, B., et al. | July 2010 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Socio-economics |
| Monitoring and Researching Ecological Effects of Dutch Offshore Wind Farms | Boon, A., et al. | May 2010 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics |
| Shortlist Masterplan Wind - Effect of Piling Noise on Survival of Fish Larvae (pilot study) | Bolle, L., et al. | June 2011 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| Weighing Natural Variability and Anthropogenic Impacts: A Case Study of Demersal Fish and Epibenthic Communities in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | De Backer, A., et al. | January 2010 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish |
| Ocean Noise: Turn it down - A report on ocean noise pollution | McKenna, C., International Fund for Animal Welfare | June 2008 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Potential Impacts to Predator-Prey Relationships as a Result of the Proposed Cape Wind Project in Nantucket Sound | ESS Group | September 2006 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Review of Environmental Data Associated with Post-Consent Monitoring of Licence Conditions of Offshore Wind Farms | Marine Management Organisation | April 2014 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Effect of the Horns Rev 1 Offshore Wind Farm on Fish Communities: Follow-up Seven Years after Construction | Leonhard, S., Stenberg, C., Støttrup, J. | January 2011 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| Ocean Wind Power Ecological Baseline Studies Final Report - Volume 4: Fish and Fisheries Studies | Geo-Marine | July 2010 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| The Effects of Wind Power on Marine Life - A Synthesis | Bergström, L., et al. | October 2012 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Potential Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Noise on Fish | Thomsen, F., et al. | January 2007 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish |
| The Potential Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Cabling Between Offshore Wind Turbines upon Elasmobranch Fishes | Gill, A., Taylor, H. | September 2001 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | EMF | Fish |
| Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Power Production in the North Sea | Draget, E. | January 2014 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Dogger Bank Creyke Beck Environmental Statement - Chapter 13: Fish and Shellfish Ecology | Brown & May Marine | March 2014 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Dogger Bank Creyke Beck Environmental Statement - Chapter 15: Commercial Fisheries | Brown & May Marine | March 2014 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish |
| NYSERDA Environmental Research Program Plan Research Area 4: Marine Wind and Wildlife | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | September 2015 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles |
| Wind Turbine Guidelines Advisory Committee Recommendations | US Fish and Wildlife Service | March 2010 | Report | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats, Birds, Fish |
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