Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and OES-Environmental metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers.
As an alternative to the Knowledge Base, check out the Map Viewer to access geotagged content in a spatial view.
| Title | Author* | Date** | Type of Content | Technology Types | Stressors |
Receptors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lessons from Stakeholder Dialogues on Marine Aquaculture in Offshore Wind Farms: Perceived Potentials, Constraints and Research Gaps | Wever, L., Krause, G., Buck, B. | January 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| From Social 'Acceptance' to Social 'Acceptability' of Wind Energy Projects: Towards a Territorial Perspective | Fournis, Y., Fotrin, M. | January 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| The Social Acceptance of Wind Energy: Where We Stand and the Path Ahead | Ellis, G., Ferraro, G. | January 2016 | Report | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Public Participation in Wind Energy Projects Located in Germany: Which Form of Participation is the Key to Acceptance? | Langer, K., Decker, T., Menrad, K. | November 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| At the Heart of a Sustainable Energy Transition: The Public Acceptability of Energy Projects | Perlaviciute, G., et al. | January 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| From consultation to collaboration: A participatory framework for positive community engagement with wind energy projects in Ontario, Canada | Jami, A., Walsh, P. | May 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Carbon or Cash: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Environmental and Economic Messages on Attitudes about Wind Energy in the United States | Peterson, D., et al. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Social licence in the marine sector: A review of understanding and application | Kelly, R., Pecl, G., Fleming, A. | July 2017 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Wind Turbines and Coastal Recreation Demand | Landry, C., et al. | January 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Socio-economics, Recreation |
| The social dynamics of turbine tourism and recreation: Introducing a mixed-method approach to the study of the first U.S. offshore wind farm | Smith, H., et al. | July 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Recreation |
| The impact of wind turbines on local recreation: Evidence from two travel cost method-contingent behavior studies | Kipperberg, G., et al. | March 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Recreation |
| Place attachment and marine recreationists' attitudes toward offshore wind energy development | Brownlee, M., et al. | December 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Recreation |
| Winds of change – Predicting water-based recreationists' support and opposition for offshore wind energy development in the Great Lakes | Ferguson, M., et al. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Recreation |
| Guidance on the Assessment of the Impact of Offshore Wind Farms: Methodology for Assessing the Marine Navigational Safety Risks of Offshore Wind Farms | UK Department of Trade and Industry | January 2005 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Navigation |
| Likelihood of a Marine Vessel Accident from Wind Energy Development in the Atlantic | Copping, A., et al. | November 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Navigation |
| Atlantic Coast Port Access Route Study (ACPARS) | ACPARS Working Group | February 2016 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Navigation |
| Maritime Route Delineation using AIS Data from the Atlantic Coast of the US | Breithaupt, S., et al. | March 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Navigation |
| Wind Energy's Impact on Aviation, Radar, and Telecommunications | Walker, R., Swift, A. | May 2015 | Book Chapter | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind | EMF | Socio-economics, Navigation |
| A path planning approach based on multi-direction A* algorithm for ships navigating within wind farm waters | Xie, L., et al. | June 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Navigation |
| Meaningful stakeholder participation in marine spatial planning with offshore energy | Yates, K. | February 2018 | Book Chapter | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Marine spatial planning and stakeholder collaboration | Brooks, P., Jedele, T. | February 2018 | Book Chapter | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Decision Bias in Marine Spatial Planning of Offshore Wind Farms: Problems of Singular Versus Cumulative Assessments of Economic Impacts on Fisheries | Berkenhagen, J., et al. | May 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Assessing use-use interactions at sea: A theoretical framework for spatial decision support tools facilitating co-location in maritime spatial planning | Bonnevie, I., Hansen, H., Schrøder, L. | August 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| International good practices for facilitating transboundary collaboration in Marine Spatial Planning | Kull, M., et al. | January 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Developing offshore wind farm siting criteria by using an international Delphi method | Ho, L., et al. | February 2018 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Marine Spatial Planning: A Step-by-Step Approach toward Ecosystem-based Management | Ehler, C., Douvere, F. | May 2009 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Marine Spatial Planning - Current Status 2014: National Planning in Sweden's Territorial Waters and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) | Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management (SwAM) | June 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Practical Approaches and Advances in Spatial Tools to Achieve Multi-Objective Marine Spatial Planning | Lombard, A., et al. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| From identification of compatibilities and conflicts to reaching marine spatial allocation agreements. Review of actions required and relevant tools and processes | Kyriazi, Z. | December 2018 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| The future of marine spatial planning | Bradshaw, C., Greenhill, L., Yates, K. | February 2018 | Book Chapter | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Site selection process for floating offshore wind farms in Madeira Islands | Díaz, H., Fonseca, R., Soares, C. | January 2019 | Book Chapter | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Combined Exploitation of Offshore Wind and Wave Energy in the Italian Seas: A Spatial Planning Approach | Azzellino, A., et al. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wave, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| The Rhode Island Ocean Special Area Management Plan 2008-2015: From Inception through Implementation | Smythe, T., Andrescavage, N., Fox, C. | January 2016 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Integration of marine research results into a maritime spatial plan for Lithuania | Mileriene, R., Blažauskas, N., Gulbinskas, S. | April 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Building the Blue Economy: The Role of Marine Spatial Planning in Facilitating Offshore Renewable Energy Development | Young, M. | February 2015 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Adaptive marine spatial planning in the Netherlands sector of the North Sea | de Vrees, L. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| A modelling approach for offshore wind farm feasibility with respect to ecosystem-based marine spatial planning | Pınarbaşı, K., et al. | June 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-Economics, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Energy Performances and Life Cycle Assessment of an Italian Wind Farm | Ardente, F., et al. | January 2008 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life Cycle Assessment for Emerging Technologies: Case Studies for Photovoltaic and Wind Power | Jungbluth, N., et al. | November 2004 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life Cycle Assessment of a 150 MW Offshore Wind Turbine Farm at Nysted/Roedsand, Denmark | Properzi, S., Herk-Hansen, H. | July 2001 | Conference Paper | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life Cycle Assessment of a Multi-Megawatt Wind Turbine | Martínez, E., et al. | March 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life Cycle Assessment of a Wind Farm and Related Externalities | Schleisner, L. | July 2000 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life Cycle Assessment of the Offshore Wind Farm Alpha Ventus | Wagner, H., et al. | May 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life-Cycle Assessment of Electricity Generation Options: The Status of Research in the Year 2001 | Gagnon, L., Bélanger, C., Uchiyama, Y. | November 2002 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Evaluating the Environmental Impacts and Energy Performance of a Wind Farm System Utilizing the Life-Cycle Assessment Method: A Practical Case Study | Gomaa, M., et al. | August 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Research on Chinese Life Cycle-Based Wind Power Plant Environmental Influence Prevention Measures | Wang, H., et al. | August 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Floating Offshore Wind Energy in California | Bang, J., et al. | January 2019 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Feasibility and LCA for a Wave Dragon platform with wind turbines | Soerensen, H.C., et al. | June 2016 | Conference Paper | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life-cycle green-house gas emissions of onshore and offshore wind turbines | Wang, S., Wang, S., Jinxiang, L. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life Cycle Analysis of Ecological Impacts of an Offshore and a Land-Based Wind Power Plant | Piasecka, I., et al. | January 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life cycle assessment of a floating offshore wind turbine | Weinzettel, J., et al. | March 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| GHG emissions and energy performance of offshore wind power | Raadal, H., et al. | June 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life Cycle Assessment of Offshore Wind Electricity Generation in Scandinavia | Tveten, A. | July 2009 | Thesis | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Comprehensive life cycle assessment of large wind turbines in the US | Alsaleh, A., Sattler, M. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life cycle environmental impacts of wind energy technologies: A review of simplified models and harmonization of the results | Mendecka, B., Lombardi, L. | September 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| A Review of the Application of Lifecycle Analysis to Renewable Energy Systems | Lund, C., Biswas, W. | April 2008 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Riverine, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life Cycle Assessment of Dernah (Libya) wind farm | Al-Behadili, S., El-Osta, W. | November 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life-cycle cost analysis of floating offshore wind farms | Castro-Santos, L., Diaz-Casas, V. | June 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life cycle assessment of an onshore wind farm located at the northeastern coast of Brazil | Oebels, K., Pacca, S. | May 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Exploring technologically, temporally and geographically-sensitive life cycle inventories for wind turbines: A parameterized model for Denmark | Sacchi, R., et al. | March 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| External Effects of Renewable Energy Projects: Life Cycle Analysis-based Approach | Salnikova, A., et al. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-Economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Life cycle assessment of two different 2 MW class wind turbines | Guezuraga, B., Zauner, R., Polz, W. | January 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-Economics, Life Cycle Assessment |
| Advancing the Environmentally Responsible Development of Offshore Wind Energy in New York State: A Regulatory Review and Stakeholder Perceptions | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | June 2015 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Community benefits from offshore renewables: The relationship between different understandings of impact, community, and benefit | Rudolph, D., Haggett, C., Aitken, M. | March 2017 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Risk Assessment for Marine Vessel Traffic and Wind Energy Development in the Atlantic | Copping, A., et al. | November 2013 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy, Navigation |
| From strategic marine planning to project licences – Striking a balance between predictability and adaptability in the management of aquaculture and offshore wind farms | Schütz, S., Slater, A. | June 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy, Marine Spatial Planning |
| The mechanics of blue growth: Management of oceanic natural resource use with multiple, interacting sectors | Klinger, D., et al. | January 2018 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Challenges in Implementing Sustainable Marine Spatial Planning: The New Portuguese Legal Framework Case | Santos, C., et al. | November 2015 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy, Marine Spatial Planning |
| The politics of Estonia's offshore wind energy programme: Discourse, power and marine spatial planning | Tafon, R., Howarth, D., Griggs, S. | January 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-Economics, Legal and Policy, Marine Spatial Planning |
| Marine governance in an industrialised ocean: A case study of the emerging marine renewable energy industry | Wright, G. | February 2015 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Renewables-to-reefs: Participatory multicriteria decision analysis is required to optimize wind farm decommissioning | Fowler, A., Macreadie, P., Booth, D. | September 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Assessing Environmental Effects (WREN): Adaptive Management White Paper | Hanna, L., et al. | December 2016 | Report | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Wind Power Siting Regulations and Wildlife Guidelines in the United States | Stemler, J. | April 2007 | Report | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Improving Efficiencies of National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Offshore Wind Facilities - Case Studies Report | English, P., et al. | March 2017 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| The determinants of wind energy growth in the United States: Drivers and barriers to state-level development | Schumacher, K., Yang, Z. | December 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Landscape design: Integrating ecological, social, and economic considerations into conservation planning | Bartuszevige, A., et al. | September 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Spatial targeting, synergies and scale: Exploring the criteria of smart practices for siting renewable energy projects | Frantal, B., et al. | September 2018 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Current situation of offshore development in Germany and environmentally sound expansion of offshore wind energy | van Leusen, S. | January 2014 | Book Chapter | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Renewable energy from the high seas: Geo-spatial modelling of resource potential and legal implications for developing offshore wind projects beyond the national jurisdiction of coastal States | Elsner, P., Suarez, S. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Integrated Assessment of Coastal and Marine Changes Using the Example of Offshore Wind Farms: the Coastal Futures Approach | Kannen, A., Burkhard, B. | September 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| The Role of Adaptive Management in the Wind Energy Industry | Copping, A., et al. | March 2019 | Book Chapter | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Sustainably reconciling offshore renewable energy with Natura 2000 sites: An interim adaptive management framework | Le Lièvre, C. | June 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Europe, China and the United States: Three different approaches to the development of offshore wind energy | deCastro, M., et al. | July 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| The integrated offshore grid in Europe: Exploring challenges for regional energy governance | Dedecca, J., Hakvoort, R., Herder, P. | June 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Wind power gone bad: Critiquing wind power planning processes in northeastern Brazil | Gorayeb, A., et al. | June 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Marine wind energy and the North Sea Offshore Grid Initiative: A Multi-Level Perspective on a stalled technology transition? | Flynn, B. | December 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Tilting at Offshore Windmills: Regulating Wind Farm Development Within the Renewable Energy Zone | Scott, K. | December 2005 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Improving policies and regulations for environmental-friendly ocean renewable energy development in Korea | Park, J., Kim, T. | August 2014 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-Economics, Legal and Policy |
| Hidden outlaws in the forest? A legal and spatial analysis of onshore wind energy in Germany | Bunzel, K., et al. | September 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-Economics, Legal and Policy |
| Who influences windpower licensing decisions in Norway? Formal requirements and informal practices | Inderberg, T., et al. | June 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-Economics, Legal and Policy |
| Current status of wind energy policy in Poland | Gnatowska, R., Moryn-Kucharczyk, E. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general | N/A | Socio-Economics, Legal and Policy |
| Fragmented authorities, institutional misalignments, and challenges to renewable energy transition: A case study of wind power curtailment in China | Cai, Y., Aoyama, Y. | July 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Socio-Economics, Legal and Policy |
| Offshore Wind Farms and Commercial Fisheries in the UK: A Study in Stakeholder Consultation | Gray, T., Haggett, C., Bell, D. | January 2005 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Fishing, Stakeholder Engagement |
| Perceptions of Commercial and Recreational Fishers on the Potential Ecological Impacts of the Block Island Wind Farm (US) | ten Brink, T., Dalton, T. | November 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Fishing |
| Socio-Economic Impact of Outer Continental Shelf Wind Energy Development on Fisheries in the US Atlantic: Volume I - Report Narrative | Kirkpatrick, A., et al. | January 2017 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Fishing |
| Socio-Economic Impact of Outer Continental Shelf Wind Energy Development on Fisheries in the US Atlantic: Volume II - Appendices | Kirkpatrick, A., et al. | January 2017 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Fishing |
| Fisheries Data Report South of Tuckernuck Area | ESS Group | September 2006 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Fishing |
| Draft Fisheries Report of Cape Wind Energy Project | ESS Group, Battelle | September 2006 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Socio-economics, Fishing |
| Co-location of passive gear fisheries in offshore wind farms in the German EEZ of the North Sea: A first socio-economic scoping | Stelzenmüller, V., et al. | December 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Socio-economics, Fishing |
| Guidance on Environmental Impact Assessment of Offshore Renewable Energy Development on Surfing Resources and Recreation | Surfers Against Sewage | June 2009 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Energy Removal | Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment, Recreation |
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