Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and OES-Environmental metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers.
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| Title | Author* | Date** | Type of Content |
Technology Types |
Stressors | Receptors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assessment of the Potential for Acoustic Deterrents to Mitigate the Impact on Marine Mammals of Underwater Noise Arising from the Construction of Offshore Windfarms | Gordon, J., et al. | July 2007 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1) | Walls, R., et al. | January 2013 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Assessing the Responses of Coastal Cetaceans to the Construction of Offshore Wind Turbines | Thompson, P., et al. | August 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Assessing Underwater Noise Levels during Pile-Driving at an Offshore Windfarm and its Potential Effects on Marine Mammals | Bailey, H., et al. | June 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Assessment Of The Effects Of Noise And Vibration From Offshore Wind Farms On Marine Wildlife | Vella, G., et al. | January 2001 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Assessment of Sub-Sea Acoustic Noise and Vibration from Offshore Wind Turbines and its Impact on Marine Wildlife; Initial Measurements of Underwater Noise during Construction of Offshore Windfarms, and Comparison with Background Noise | Nedwell, J., Langworthy, J., Howell, D. | May 2003 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Offshore Wind-Farms | OSPAR Commission | January 2008 | Conference Paper | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Behavioural Reactions of Free-Ranging Porpoises and Seals to the Noise of a Simulated 2 MW Windpower Generator | Koschinski, S., et al. | December 2003 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Concerted Action for Offshore Wind Energy Deployment (COD): Overview of Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy | Roth, E., Verhoef, L., Dingenouts, M. | September 2004 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat |
| Danish Offshore Wind Key Environmental Issues - A Follow-up | Danish Energy Agency, et al. | February 2013 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Ecological Research on Offshore Wind Farms: International Exchange of Experiences - Part A | Zucco, C., et al. | January 2006 | Workshop Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Effects from the Construction of Nysted Offshore Wind Farm on Seals in Rødsand Seal Sanctuary Based on Remote Video Monitoring | Edrén, S., et al. | June 2004 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Effects of Wind Farms on Harbour Porpoise Behavior and Population Dynamics | Nabe-Nielsen, J., et al. | September 2011 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Noise on Marine Mammals and Fish | Tomsen, F., et al. | July 2006 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Effects of the Nysted Offshore Wind Farm on Harbour Porpoises | Tougaard, J., et al. | July 2005 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat |
| Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals [Presentation] | Miller, J., et al. | October 2009 | Presentation | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Framework for Assessing Impacts of Pile-Driving Noise from Offshore Wind Farm Construction on a Harbour Seal Population | Thomson, P., et al. | November 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Harbour Seals at Horns Reef Before, During and After Construction of Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm | Tougaard, J., et al. | October 2006 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Likely Sensitivity of Bottlenose Dolphins to Pile-Driving Noise | David, J. | January 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Mid-Atlantic Marine Wildlife Surveys, Modeling, and Data: Workshop to Establish Coordination & Communication | Brown-Saracino, J., Smith, C., Gilman, P. | July 2013 | Workshop Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles |
| Modelling Harbour Porpoise Seasonal Density as a Function of the German Bight Environment: Implications for Management | Gilles, A., et al. | August 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Modelling of Noise Effects of Operational Offshore Wind Turbines Including Noise Transmission Through Various Foundation Types | Marmo, B., et al. | August 2013 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Perception of Low-Frequency Acoustic Signals by a Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the Presence of Simulated Offshore Wind Turbine Noise | Lucke, K., et al. | January 2007 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Pile Driving Zone of Responsiveness Extends Beyond 20 km for Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena (L.)) | Tougaard, J., et al. | March 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Responses of Harbour Porpoises to Pile Driving at the Horns Rev II Offshore Wind Farm in the Danish North Sea | Brandt, M., et al. | January 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan (MEMP): Ecological Analysis Data | Wells, R., Shenton, S. | November 2011 | Presentation | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Scroby Sands Seal Monitoring: Analysis of the 2005 Post-Construction Aerial Surveys | Skeate, E., Perrow, M. | November 2005 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Seal Scarers as a Tool to Deter Harbour Porpoises from Offshore Construction Sites | Brandt, M., et al. | February 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Seasonal Distribution Of Harbour Porpoises And Possible Interference Of Offshore Wind Farms In The German North Sea | Gilles, A., Scheidat, M., Siebert, U. | May 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise, Static Device | Marine Mammals |
| Statutory Nature Conservation Agency Protocol for Minimising the Risk of Injury to Marine Mammals from Piling Noise | Joint Nature Conservation Committee | August 2010 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Summary on Harbour Porpoise Monitoring 1999-2006 around Nysted and Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farms | Teilmann, J., Tougaard, J., Carstensen, J. | November 2006 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise, Static Device | Marine Mammals |
| The Effect of a Large Danish Offshore Wind Farm on Harbor and Gray Seal Haul-Out Behavior | Edrén, S., et al. | July 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| COWRIE 1.5 The Potential Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Sub-Sea Power Cables Associated with Offshore Wind Farm Developments on Electrically and Magnetically Sensitive Marine Organisms - A Review | Gill, A., et al. | July 2005 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | EMF | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Towards an Environmentally Sound Offshore Wind Energy Deployment | Verfuß, U. | January 2012 | Workshop Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics |
| Underwater Noise From Three Types Of Offshore Wind Turbines: Estimation Of Impact Zones For Harbor Porpoises And Harbor Seals | Tougaard, J., Henriksen, O., Miller, L. | January 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Wind Turbine Underwater Noise and Marine Mammals: Implications of Current Knowledge and Data Needs | Madsen, P., et al. | March 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Interactions Between Seals and Offshore Wind Farms | McConnell, B., Lonergan, M., Dietz, R. | January 2012 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement | GE Wind Energy | January 2002 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm 2010 Construction Environmental Monitoring Report | Saunders, S. | January 2012 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Energy Removal, Noise | Birds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals |
| Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement | Booth, C., King, S., Lacey, C. | January 2013 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals |
| Harbour Porpoises in the Southern North Sea - Analysis of Potential Influences of Alpha Ventus in the Context of General Distribution Trends | Gilles, A., et al. | January 2013 | Presentation | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Underwater Radiated Noise Due to the Piling for the Q7 Offshore Wind Park | de Jong, C., Ainslie, M. | June 2008 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| High Resolution Video Survey of Seabirds and Mammals in the Rhyl Flats Area | Hexter, R. | July 2009 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals |
| Impacts of Offshore Wind Farm Construction on Harbour Porpoises: Acoustic Monitoring of Echolocation Activity using Porpoise Detectors (T-PODs) | Carstensen, J., Henriksen, O., Teilmann, J. | January 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise, Static Device | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Monitoring and Researching Ecological Effects of Dutch Offshore Wind Farms | Boon, A., et al. | May 2010 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics |
| Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals | Miller, J., et al. | October 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | EMF, Noise | Benthic Invertebrates, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles |
| Measurement of Wind Turbine Construction Noise at Horns Rev II | Betke, K. | December 2008 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Effects of Offshore Pile Driving on Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) | Brandt, M., et al. | January 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Potential Impacts to Predator-Prey Relationships as a Result of the Proposed Cape Wind Project in Nantucket Sound | ESS Group | September 2006 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Review of Environmental Data Associated with Post-Consent Monitoring of Licence Conditions of Offshore Wind Farms | Marine Management Organisation | April 2014 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Offshore Wind Energy Research on Environmental Impacts | Köller, J., Köppel, J., Peters, W. | March 2006 | Book | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics |
| Ocean Wind Power Ecological Baseline Studies Final Report - Volume 3: Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Studies | Geo-Marine | July 2010 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles |
| Distribution of Harbour Seals in the German Bight in Relation to Offshore Wind Power Plants | Adelung, D., et al. | January 2006 | Book Chapter | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| The Effects of Wind Power on Marine Life - A Synthesis | Bergström, L., et al. | October 2012 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Post-Construction Results from The North Hoyle Offshore Wind Farm | May, J. | September 2005 | Conference Paper | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Marine Mammals |
| Shortlist Masterplan Wind Aerial Surveys of Harbour Porpoises on the Dutch Continental Shelf | Geelhoed, S., et al. | December 2011 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Behavioral Reactions of Harbor Porpoise to Pile-Driving Noise | Tougaard, J., et al. | January 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Habitat Preferences of Harbour Seals in the Dutch Coastal Area: Analysis and Estimate of Effects of Offshore Wind Farms | Brasseur, S., et al. | January 2012 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Assessing the Underwater Acoustics of the World's Largest Vibration Hammer (OCTA-KONG) and Its Potential Effects on the Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) | Wang, Z., et al. | October 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Responses of Harbour Porpoises to Pile Driving on a Temporal and Spatial Scale | Braasch, A., Joost, M., Ketzer, C. | February 2013 | Conference Paper | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Survey of Beached Birds and Mammals: Sao Jãcinto - Torreira (Portugal) - March 2014 to March 2015 | van Nus, T., Moreira, P. | May 2015 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| Study and Application of Underwater Noise Impact in Coastal Region off Western Taiwan | Cheng, Y., et al. | March 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Windpower and Grey Seals: An Impact Assessment of Potential Effects by Sea-Based Windpower Plants on a Local Seal Population | Sundberg, J., Söderman, M. | December 1999 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Report of the Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (WGMME) | International Council for the Exploration of the Sea | April 2010 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Effects of Pile-Driving on Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) at the First Offshore Wind Farm in Germany | Dähne, M., et al. | April 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Methodology and Results of Calibration of Tonal Click Detectors for Small Odontocetes (C-PODs) | Dähne, M., et al. | September 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Power Production in the North Sea | Draget, E. | January 2014 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Galloper Wind Farm Project: Environmental Statement - Chapter 14: Marine Mammals | Galloper Wind Farm | October 2011 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Behavioral Responses of a Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) to Playbacks of Broadband Pile Driving Sounds | Kastelein, R., et al. | December 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Did the Pile Driving during the Construction of the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee, the Netherlands, Impact Porpoises? | Leopold, M., Camphuysen, K. | February 2008 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Effects of Noise and By-Catch on a Danish Harbour Porpoise Population | Nabe-Nielsen, J., et al. | January 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Assessment of the Effects of the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee (OWEZ) for Harbour Porpoise (comparison T0 and T1) | Scheidat, M., et al. | September 2009 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Marine Mammals |
| Likely Effects of Construction of Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm on a Mixed Population of Harbour Phoca vitulina and Grey Halichoerus grypus Seals | Skeate, E., Perrow, M., Gilroy, J. | April 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Resolving Fine-Scale Spatio-Temporal Dynamics in the Harbour Porpoise Phocoena phocoena | Skov, H., Thomsen, F. | December 2008 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Final Report on Aerial Monitoring of Seals near Nysted Offshore Wind Farm | Teilmann, J., et al. | April 2006 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Final Report on the Effect of Nysted Offshore Wind Farm on Harbour Porpoises | Tougaard, J., et al. | July 2006 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| General Models of the Spatial Distribution of Porpoises Require Representative Data and Parsimony: Comment on Skov & Thomsen (2008) | Tougaard, J., Wisz, M. | January 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Effects of impulsive noise on marine mammals: investigating range‐dependent risk | Hastie, G., et al. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Measuring responses of harbour seals to potential aversive acoustic mitigation signals using controlled exposure behavioural response studies | Gordon, J., et al. | September 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Sound Exposure in Harbour Seals During the Installation of an Offshore Wind Farm: Predictions of Auditory Damage | Hastie, G., et al. | June 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Harbor Seals & Harbor Porpoises-Pile Driving: Detection, Behavioral Response and TTS | Kastelein, R. | November 2013 | Presentation | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Porpoises and Offshore Windfarms - Conflict, Co-Existence or Refuge | Scheidat, M. | October 2012 | Presentation | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Effects on Harbour Porpoises from Rødsand 2 Offshore Wind Farm | Teilmann, J., Tougaard, J., Carstensen, J. | November 2012 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Dogger Bank Creyke Beck Environmental Statement - Chapter 14: Marine Mammals | Mackey, B., Keenan, G. | March 2014 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| NYSERDA Environmental Research Program Plan Research Area 4: Marine Wind and Wildlife | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | September 2015 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles |
| Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: Cumulative Effects of Impulsive Underwater Sound on Marine Mammals | Heinis, F., de Jong, C. | April 2015 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Strategic Review of Offshore Wind Farm Monitoring Data Associated with FEPA Licence Conditions: Marine Mammals | Philpott, E., Tollit, D., Mackey, B. | August 2009 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Environmental Interview: Effects of Wind Power on Marine Life | Kautsky, L. | March 2016 | Video | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Use of Population Viability Analysis (PVA) to Assess the Potential for Long Term Impacts from Piling Noise on Marine Mammal Populations - A Case Study from the Scottish East Coast | De Silva, R., et al. | May 2014 | Presentation | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Review of Offshore Wind Farm Impact Monitoring and Mitigation with Regard to Marine Mammals | Verfuss, U., et al. | January 2016 | Book Chapter | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: State of the Art After Two Years of Environmental Monitoring | Degraer, S., Brabant, R. | January 2009 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Ecosystem, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals |
| Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability | Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. | January 2010 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Multiple-Pulse Sounds and Seals: Results of a Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) Telemetry Study During Wind Farm Construction | Hastie, G., et al. | January 2016 | Book Chapter | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Movements of Seals from Rødsand Seal Sanctuary Monitored by Satellite Telemetry | Dietz, R., et al. | January 2003 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Marine Wind Farms and Cetaceans | Doleman, S., Simmonds, M., Keith, S. | May 2003 | Conference Paper | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Effects of Offshore Pile Driving on Harbour Porpoise Abundance in the German Bight: Assessment of Noise Effects | Brandt, M., et al. | June 2016 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Monitoring and Research Shortlist Offshore Wind - Knowledge advancements and follow up | Boon, A. | January 2012 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Effect of exposure duration to pile driving sounds on temporary hearing threshold shift in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) | Kastelein, R., et al. | September 2015 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| SORIANT VUM - final report | von Benda-Beckmann, A., et al. | June 2015 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Hearing thresholds of two harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) for playbacks of multiple pile driving strike sounds | Kastelein, R., et al. | August 2013 | Report | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
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