Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and OES-Environmental metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers.
As an alternative to the Knowledge Base, check out the Map Viewer to access geotagged content in a spatial view.
| Title | Author* | Date** | Type of Content | Technology Types |
Stressors |
Receptors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments | Copping, A., et al. | January 2015 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Ultrasonic Acoustic Deterrent for Reducing Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines | Arnett, E., et al. | June 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Bats |
| Bird Migration Studies and Potential Collision Risk with Offshore Wind Turbines | Hüppop, O., et al. | March 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines |
| Collision and displacement vulnerability to offshore wind energy infrastructure among marine birds of the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf | Kelsey, E., et al. | September 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds |
| Assessing Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms: Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Future | Bailey, H., Brookes, K., Thompson, P. | September 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals |
| Flight Call Rates of Migrating Thrushes: Effects of Wind Conditions, Humidity and Time of Day at an Illuminated Offshore Platform | Hüppop, O., Hilgerloh, G. | January 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision | Birds, Passerines |
| Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model | Warwick-Evans, V., et al. | March 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds |
| Radar Monitoring of Migrating Pink-Footed Geese: Behavioural Responses to Offshore Wind Farm Development | Plonczkier, P., Simms, I. | August 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds |
| Assessing the Impact of Marine Wind Farms on Birds through Movement Modelling | Masden, E., et al. | May 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds |
| Avian Collision Risk at an Offshore Wind Farm | Desholm, M., Kahlert, J. | June 2005 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Waterfowl |
| Bird Movements at Rotor Heights Measured Continuously with Vertical Radar at a Dutch Offshore Wind Farm | Fijn, R., et al. | July 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Passerines, Seabirds |
| Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus | Thaxter, C., et al. | January 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds |
| Influence of Behavior on Bird Mortality in Wind Energy Developments | Smallwood, K., Rugge, L., Morrison, M. | September 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl |
| Contextualizing Avian Mortality: A Preliminary Appraisal of Bird and Bat Fatalities from Wind, Fossil-Fuel, and Nuclear Electricity | Sovacool, B. | June 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds |
| Information Needs to Support Environmental Impact Assessments of the Effects of European Marine Offshore Wind Farms on Birds | Fox, A., et al. | March 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Bird collisions at an offshore platform in the North Sea | Hüppop, O., et al. | January 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds |
| Using a Shore Bird (Red Knot) Fitted with Geolocators to Evaluate a Conceptual Risk Model Focusing on Offshore Wind | Burger, J., et al. | July 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Shorebirds |
| Avian Sensitivity to Mortality: Prioritising Migratory Bird Species for Assessment at Proposed Wind Farms | Desholm, M. | June 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds |
| Radio Telemetry as a Tool for Impact Assessment of Wind Farms: The Case of Little Terns Sterna albifrons at Scroby Sands, Norfolk, UK | Perrow, M., et al. | March 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds |
| Damage analysis of ship collisions with offshore wind turbine foundations | Moulas, D., Shafiee, M., Mehmanparast, A. | October 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Collision | Human Dimensions, Navigation |
| Attracted to the outside: a meso-scale response pattern of lesser black-backed gulls at an offshore wind farm revealed by GPS telemetry | Vanermen, N., et al. | December 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds |
| Mapping Seabird Sensitivity to Offshore Wind Farms | Bradbury, G., et al. | September 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds |
| Assessing the Impacts of Wind Farms on Birds | Drewitt, A., Langston, R. | March 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds |
| Birds and Offshore Wind Farms: A Hot Topic in Marine Ecology | Exo, K., Hüppop, O., Garthe, S. | April 2003 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds |
| Avian Issues for Offshore Wind Development | Allison, T., Jedrey, E., Perkins, S. | June 2008 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl |
| Minimizing Collision Risk Between Migrating Raptors and Marine Wind Farms: Development of a Spatial Planning Tool | Baisner, A., et al. | November 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Raptors |
| Modeling Carcass Removal Time for Avian Mortality Assessment in Wind Farms Using Survival Analysis | Bispo, R., et al. | March 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds |
| Remote Techniques for Counting and Estimating the Number of Bird-Wind Turbine Collisions at Sea: A Review | Desholm, M., et al. | March 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds |
| Visual Tracking From a Rigid-Hulled Inflatable Boat to Determine Foraging Movements of Breeding Terns | Perrow, M., Gilroy, J., Skeate, E. | February 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Mitigating Wind-Turbine Induced Avian Mortality: Sensory, Aerodynamic and Cognitive Constraints and Options | May, R., et al. | February 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds |
| Assessment of Wind‐Farm and Other Bird Casualties from Carcasses Found on a Northumbrian Beach Over an 11‐Year Period | Newton, I., Little, B. | May 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Understanding Bird Collisions at Wind Farms: An Updated Review on the Causes and Possible Mitigation Strategies | Marques, A., et al. | November 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds |
| Modelling Flight Heights of Marine Birds to More Accurately Assess Collision Risk with Offshore Wind Turbines | Johnston, A., et al. | February 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds |
| Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Effects on Birds and Needs to Plan their Future Development in Spain | Mateos-Rodriguez, M., Muñoz, A., Arroyo, G. | January 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Bird Casualties Caused by a Wind Energy Project in an Estuary | Musters, C., Noordervliet, M., terKeurs, W. | March 1996 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl |
| Towards a Cumulative Collision Risk Assessment of Local and Migrating Birds in North Sea Offshore Wind Farms | Brabant, R., et al. | September 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Passerines, Seabirds |
| Quantifying the Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Gannet Populations: A Strategic Ringing Project | Furness, R., Wanless, S. | January 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds |
| Three Dimensional Tracking of a Wide-Ranging Marine Predator: Flight Heights and Vulnerability to Offshore Wind Farms | Cleasby, I., et al. | December 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Lack of Sound Science in Assessing Wind Farm Impacts on Seabirds | Green, R., et al. | December 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Future Directions in Conservation Research on Petrels and Shearwaters | Rodríguez, A., et al. | March 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds |
| Resource selection and wintering phenology of White-winged Scoters in southern New England: Implications for offshore wind energy development | Meattey, D., et al. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Use of an optical rangefinder to assess the reliability of seabird flight heights from boat‐based surveyors: implications for collision risk at offshore wind farms | Harwood, A., Perrow, M., Berridge, R. | October 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Minimizing wildlife impacts for offshore wind energy development: Winning tradeoffs for seabirds in space and cetaceans in time | Best, B., Halpin, P. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Assessing Vulnerability of Marine Bird Populations to Offshore Wind Farms | Furness, R., Wade, H., Masden, E. | April 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Birds |
