Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and OES-Environmental metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers.
As an alternative to the Knowledge Base, check out the Map Viewer to access geotagged content in a spatial view.
| Title | Author* | Date** | Type of Content | Technology Types | Stressors |
Receptors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resolving environmental effects of wind energy | Sinclair, K., et al. | April 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind | N/A | Bats, Birds, Marine Mammals |
| Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals | Miller, J., et al. | October 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | EMF, Noise | Benthic Invertebrates, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles |
| Assessing Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms: Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Future | Bailey, H., Brookes, K., Thompson, P. | September 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals |
| Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments | Copping, A., et al. | January 2015 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Retrospective and Outlook for an Environmentally Sound Development of Offshore Wind Energy | Lüdeke, J. | January 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Responses of Two Marine Top Predators to an Offshore Wind Farm | Mclean, N., et al. | November 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals |
| Minimizing wildlife impacts for offshore wind energy development: Winning tradeoffs for seabirds in space and cetaceans in time | Best, B., Halpin, P. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Dynamic Device, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Marine Mammals Trace Anthropogenic Structures at Sea | Russell, D., et al. | July 2014 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Improving visual biodiversity assessments of motile fauna in turbid aquatic environments | Jones, R., et al. | August 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals |
| Marine Noise Budgets in Practice | Faulkner, R., Merchant, N., Martinez, R. | May 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Assessing Underwater Noise Levels during Pile-Driving at an Offshore Windfarm and its Potential Effects on Marine Mammals | Bailey, H., et al. | June 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Modelling Harbour Porpoise Seasonal Density as a Function of the German Bight Environment: Implications for Management | Gilles, A., et al. | August 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Perception of Low-Frequency Acoustic Signals by a Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the Presence of Simulated Offshore Wind Turbine Noise | Lucke, K., et al. | January 2007 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Pile Driving Zone of Responsiveness Extends Beyond 20 km for Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena (L.)) | Tougaard, J., et al. | March 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Responses of Harbour Porpoises to Pile Driving at the Horns Rev II Offshore Wind Farm in the Danish North Sea | Brandt, M., et al. | January 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Seasonal Distribution Of Harbour Porpoises And Possible Interference Of Offshore Wind Farms In The German North Sea | Gilles, A., Scheidat, M., Siebert, U. | May 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise, Static Device | Marine Mammals |
| Wind Turbine Underwater Noise and Marine Mammals: Implications of Current Knowledge and Data Needs | Madsen, P., et al. | March 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Behavioral Reactions of Harbor Porpoise to Pile-Driving Noise | Tougaard, J., et al. | January 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Study and Application of Underwater Noise Impact in Coastal Region off Western Taiwan | Cheng, Y., et al. | March 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Effects of Pile-Driving on Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) at the First Offshore Wind Farm in Germany | Dähne, M., et al. | April 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Behavioral Responses of a Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) to Playbacks of Broadband Pile Driving Sounds | Kastelein, R., et al. | December 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Effects of Noise and By-Catch on a Danish Harbour Porpoise Population | Nabe-Nielsen, J., et al. | January 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Resolving Fine-Scale Spatio-Temporal Dynamics in the Harbour Porpoise Phocoena phocoena | Skov, H., Thomsen, F. | December 2008 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| General Models of the Spatial Distribution of Porpoises Require Representative Data and Parsimony: Comment on Skov & Thomsen (2008) | Tougaard, J., Wisz, M. | January 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Effects of impulsive noise on marine mammals: investigating range‐dependent risk | Hastie, G., et al. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Measuring responses of harbour seals to potential aversive acoustic mitigation signals using controlled exposure behavioural response studies | Gordon, J., et al. | September 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Bubble Curtains Attenuate Noise from Offshore Wind Farm Construction and Reduce Temporary Habitat Loss for Harbour Porpoises | Dähne, M., et al. | September 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Do man-made structures and water depth affect the diel rhythms in click recordings of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena)? | Brandt, M., et al. | July 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Marine Mammals |
| Swimming Speed of a Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) During Playbacks of Offshore Pile Driving Sounds | Kastelein, R., Van de Voorde, S., Jennings, N. | January 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and Wind Farms: A Case Study in the Dutch North Sea | Scheidat, M., et al. | June 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Marine Mammals |
| Predicting the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances on marine populations | Nabe-Nielsen, J., et al. | September 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany | Brandt, M., et al. | May 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Year-Round Spatiotemporal Distribution of Harbour Porpoises Within and Around the Maryland Wind Energy Area | Wingfield, J., et al. | May 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Assessment of Entanglement Risk to Marine Megafauna due to Offshore Renewable Energy Mooring Systems | Harnois, V., et al. | September 2015 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Entrapment | Marine Mammals |
| Assessing the Responses of Coastal Cetaceans to the Construction of Offshore Wind Turbines | Thompson, P., et al. | August 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Design and Implementation of a Marine Animal Alert System to Support Marine Renewable Energy | Deng, Z., et al. | July 2013 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Is There a Conflict Between Cetacean Conservation and Marine Renewable-Energy Developments? | Brown, V., Simmonds, M. | December 2010 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Likely Sensitivity of Bottlenose Dolphins to Pile-Driving Noise | David, J. | January 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Seal Scarers as a Tool to Deter Harbour Porpoises from Offshore Construction Sites | Brandt, M., et al. | February 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Towards Best Environmental Practice for Cetacean Conservation in Developing Scotland's Marine Renewable Energy | Dolman, S., Simmonds, M. | September 2010 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Impacts of Offshore Wind Farm Construction on Harbour Porpoises: Acoustic Monitoring of Echolocation Activity using Porpoise Detectors (T-PODs) | Carstensen, J., Henriksen, O., Teilmann, J. | January 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise, Static Device | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Effects of Offshore Pile Driving on Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) | Brandt, M., et al. | January 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Assessing the Underwater Acoustics of the World's Largest Vibration Hammer (OCTA-KONG) and Its Potential Effects on the Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) | Wang, Z., et al. | October 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Methodology and Results of Calibration of Tonal Click Detectors for Small Odontocetes (C-PODs) | Dähne, M., et al. | September 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Broad-Scale Acoustic Monitoring for Cetaceans and Underwater Noise in Relation to Offshore Wind Farm Construction in Scotland | Brookes, K., et al. | June 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Underwater noise levels of pile-driving in a New Zealand harbour, and the potential impacts on endangered Hector's dolphins | Leunissen, E., Dawson, S. | October 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Social structure and abundance of coastal bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, in the Normano-Breton Gulf, English Channel | Louis, M., et al. | May 2015 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Feeding home ranges of pacific coast feeding group gray whales | Lagerquist, B., et al. | February 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Impact of pile-driving on Hector's dolphin in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand | Leunissen, E., Rayment, W., Dawson, S. | May 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Responses of bottlenose dolphins and harbor porpoises to impact and vibration piling noise during harbor construction | Graham, I., et al. | May 2017 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Towards a Numerical Model to Simulate the Observed Displacement of Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena Due to Pile Driving in Belgian Waters | Haelters, J., et al. | September 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Short-Term Disturbance by a Commercial Two-Dimensional Seismic Survey does Not Lead to Long-Term Displacement of Harbour Porpoises | Thompson, P., et al. | November 2013 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Modelling the Biological Significance of Behavioural Change in Coastal Bottlenose Dolphins in Response to Disturbance | New, L., et al. | April 2013 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Negative Long Term Effects on Harbour Porpoises from a Large Scale Offshore Wind Farm in the Baltic - Evidence of Slow Recovery | Teilmann, J., Carstensen, J. | December 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Behavioural Reactions of Free-Ranging Porpoises and Seals to the Noise of a Simulated 2 MW Windpower Generator | Koschinski, S., et al. | December 2003 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Framework for Assessing Impacts of Pile-Driving Noise from Offshore Wind Farm Construction on a Harbour Seal Population | Thomson, P., et al. | November 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| The Effect of a Large Danish Offshore Wind Farm on Harbor and Gray Seal Haul-Out Behavior | Edrén, S., et al. | July 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Underwater Noise From Three Types Of Offshore Wind Turbines: Estimation Of Impact Zones For Harbor Porpoises And Harbor Seals | Tougaard, J., Henriksen, O., Miller, L. | January 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Likely Effects of Construction of Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm on a Mixed Population of Harbour Phoca vitulina and Grey Halichoerus grypus Seals | Skeate, E., Perrow, M., Gilroy, J. | April 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Sound Exposure in Harbour Seals During the Installation of an Offshore Wind Farm: Predictions of Auditory Damage | Hastie, G., et al. | June 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Use of Anthropogenic Sea Floor Structures by Australian Fur Seals: Potential Positive Ecological Impacts of Marine Industrial Development? | Arnould, J., et al. | July 2015 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Effect of pile-driving sounds on harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) hearing | Kastelein, R., et al. | June 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Effect of Pile-Driving Playback Sound Level on Fish-Catching Efficiency in Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) | Kastelein, R., et al. | July 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Harbour porpoise responses to pile-driving diminish over time | Graham, I., et al. | June 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Avoidance of Wind Farms by Harbour Seals is Limited to Pile Driving Activities | Russell, D., et al. | May 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
