Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and OES-Environmental metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers.
As an alternative to the Knowledge Base, check out the Map Viewer to access geotagged content in a spatial view.
Title | Author* | Date** | Type of Content |
Technology Types![]() |
Stressors | Receptors |
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Ponnequin Wind Energy Project: Reference Site Avian Study | Kerlinger, P., Curry, R., Ryder, R. | April 2000 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors |
Reduced Breeding Success in White-Tailed Eagles at Smøla windfarm, Western Norway, is Caused by Mortality and Displacement | Dahl, E., et al. | January 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors |
Impacts of Wind Turbines on the Population and Nest Site Selection of the Montagu’s Harrier in the Hellweg Börde, North Rhine-Westphalia | Joest, R., Griesenbrock, B., Illner, H. | April 2017 | Book Chapter | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors |
Repowering Smøla Wind-Power Plant: An Assessment of Avian Conflicts | Dahl, E., et al. | June 2015 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors |
An Assessment of the Impacts of Green Mountain Power Corporation's Wind Power Facility on Breeding and Migrating Birds in Searsburg, Vermont: July 1996-July 1998 | Kerlinger, P. | March 2002 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Passerines, Raptors |
An Analytical Impact Assessment Framework for Wildlife to Inform the Siting and Permitting of Wind Energy Facilities | Schwartz, J. | January 2013 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors |
A Preliminary Overview of Monitoring for Raptors in Sweden | Hellstrom, P., Helander, B. | December 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors |
Modelling Human Impacts on the Tasmanian Wedge-Tailed Eagle (Aquila audax fleayi) | Bekessy, S., et al. | November 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors |
Map-Based Repowering and Reorganization of a Wind Resource Area to Minimize Burrowing Owl and Other Bird Fatalities | Smallwood, K., Neher, L., Bell, D. | October 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors |
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility | Ocotillo Express | February 2012 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Raptors |
Avian and Bat Protection Plan: Iberdrola Renewables | Iberdrola Renewables | October 2008 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Raptors |
Avian, Bat and Habitat Cumulative Impacts Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Of Eastern Washington and Oregon | Johnson, G., Erickson, W. | May 2011 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Raptors |
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide | Jones, A. | March 2012 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Raptors, Terrestrial Mammals |
Determination of Raptor Migratory Pathways over a Large Landscape | Seeland, H. | April 2010 | Thesis | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors |
Biglow Canyon Wind Farm: Wildlife Monitoring and Mitigation Plan | Portland General Electric Company, Oregon Department of Energy | May 2007 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Raptors |
Resident Golden Eagle Ranging Behaviour Before and After Construction of a Windfarm in Argyll | Walker, D., et al. | January 2005 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors |
Effects of Wind Turbines on Nesting Raptors at Buffalo Ridge in Southwestern Minnesota | Usgaard, R., et al. | January 1997 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors |
Mortality at wind-farms is positively related to large-scale distribution and aggregation in griffon vultures | Carrete, M., et al. | January 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Birds, Raptors |
Griffon Vulture Mortality at Wind Farms in Southern Spain: Distribution of Fatalities and Active Mitigation Measures | de Lucas, M., et al. | March 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Birds, Raptors |
Golden Eagles in a Multiple Land-Use Environment: A Case Study in Conflict Management | Madders, M., Walker, D. | January 2002 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Birds, Raptors |
How do diurnal long-distance migrants select flight altitude in relation to wind? | Mateos-Rodriguez, M., Liechti, F. | March 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds |
Putting Aeolus to work without the death toll: federal wind farm siting guidelines can mitigate avian and Chiropteran mortality | Mensing, B. | March 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Bats, Birds, Raptors |
Using probability of occurrence to assess potential interaction between wind farms and a residual population of golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos in NW Spain | Tapia, L., Dominguez, J., Rodriguez, L. | January 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Birds, Raptors |
Development of a Comprehensive Conservation Strategy for the North Shore Region of Minnesota in the Context of Future Wind Power Development | Peterson, A., Niemi, G. | December 2011 | Report | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Birds, Passerines, Raptors |
Proceedings of the National Avian - Wind Power Planning Meeting IV | RESOLVE | May 2001 | Conference Paper | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Bats, Birds, Raptors |
New Zealand Falcon Monitoring and Risk Assessment, Hurunui Wind Farm | Meridian Energy | January 2012 | Report | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Birds, Raptors |
Eagle Conservation Plan Guidance: Module 1 Land-based Wind Energy | US Fish and Wildlife Service | April 2013 | Report | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Birds, Raptors |
Response of migrating raptors to an increasing number of wind farms | Cabrera-Cruz, S., Villegas-Patraca, R. | December 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Birds, Raptors |
Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus population trends in relation to wind farms | Wilson, M., et al. | January 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Birds, Raptors |
Wind energy, nest success, and post‐fledging survival of Buteo hawks | Kolar, P., Bechard, M. | September 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Birds, Raptors |
Utilization Probability Map for Migrating Bald Eagles in Northeastern North America: A Tool for Siting Wind Energy Facilities and Other Flight Hazards | Mojica, E., Watts, B., Turrin, C. | June 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Birds, Raptors |