Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and OES-Environmental metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers.

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Title	Author*	Date**	Type of Content	Technology Types	Stressors	Receptors
Monitoring and Researching Ecological Effects of Dutch Offshore Wind Farms	Boon, A., et al.	May 2010	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics
Lake Michigan Offshore Wind Feasibility Assessment	Boezaart, A., et al.	June 2014	Report	Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind	Noise	Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Updated Summary of Knowledge: Selected Areas of the Pacific Coast	Kaplan, B., et al.	July 2010	Report	Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Socio-economics
Offshore Wind Energy Research on Environmental Impacts	Köller, J., Köppel, J., Peters, W.	March 2006	Book	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics
Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement	GE Wind Energy	January 2002	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Static Device	Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment
East Anglia TWO Offshore Windfarm Scoping Report	ScottishPower Renewables	November 2017	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment
Inch Cape Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Statement	Inch Cape Offshore	June 2011	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Birds, Farfield Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat, Socio-economics
Pathways of Effects for Offshore Renewable Energy in Canada	Isaacman, L., Daborn, G.	December 2011	Report	Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind	Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise	Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
New York Department of State Offshore Atlantic Ocean Study	New York Department of State	July 2013	Report	Offshore Wind	N/A	Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Collision, Displacement and Barrier Effect Concept Note	Humphreys, E., Cook, S., Burton, N.	January 2015	Report	Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind	Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement	Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Retrospective and Outlook for an Environmentally Sound Development of Offshore Wind Energy	Lüdeke, J.	January 2019	Journal Article	Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind	N/A	Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment	Noer, H., et al.	January 2000	Report	Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind	Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change	Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Offshore Wind Farms and the Environment: Danish Experiences from Horns Rev and Nysted	Danish Energy Authority	November 2006	Report	Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind	N/A	Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability	Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B.	January 2010	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment
Towards an Environmentally Sound Offshore Wind Energy Deployment	Verfuß, U.	January 2012	Workshop Article	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics
Information Needs to Support Environmental Impact Assessments of the Effects of European Marine Offshore Wind Farms on Birds	Fox, A., et al.	March 2006	Journal Article	Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind	Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change	Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Intersectoral Assessment of Impacts on Seabirds: Baseline Report for a Comprehensive Environmental Management Plan for the Norwegian Sea	Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., et al.	January 2008	Report	Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind	N/A	Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
East Anglia ONE Offshore Windfarm: Environmental Statement	Environmental Resource Management	November 2012	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Birds, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment
Hornsea Offshore Wind Farm Project One: Environmental Statement: Volume 5 - Offshore Annexes Chapter 5.5.1: Ornithology Technical Report	RPS Group	July 2013	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Birds, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment
Dogger Bank Creyke Beck Environmental Statement - Chapter 11: Marine and Coastal Ornithology	Thornton, P.	March 2014	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	N/A	Birds, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment
Strategic Impact Assessment of Offshore Windpower in Norway - Impacts on Seabirds	Lorensten, S., et al.	March 2012	Report	Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind	Dynamic Device, Static Device	Birds, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment

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