The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor Sort descending |
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Ecological Baseline Studies of the US Outer Continental Shelf | Willmot, J.; Forcey, G.; Vukovich, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Distribution and abundance of cetaceans in a wind energy development area offshore of Massachusetts and Rhode Island | Stone, K.; Leiter, S.; Kenney, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Predictive mapping of seabirds, pinnipeds and cetaceans off the Pacific Coast of Washington | Menza, C.; Leirness, J.; White, T.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment | |
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures | Todd, V.; Lazar, L.; Williamson, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles | |
Visual Observations for Birds, Turtles, and Marine Mammals at the University of Maine Test Site near Monhegan, Maine. | Kennedy, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions | ||
FISHING GEAR–RELATED INJURY IN CALIFORNIA MARINE WILDLIFE | Kaplan Dau, B.; Gilardi, K.V.K.; Gulland, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Entanglement | Birds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Offshore Wind Priority Conflict Topics for Marine Mammals and Birds | Courbis, S.; Pacini, A.; Williams, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Pacific Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment (PaCSEA): Aerial Seabird and Marine Mammal Surveys off Northern California, Oregon, and Washington, 2011-2012 | Adams, J.; Felis, J.; Mason, J.; et al. | Report | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |||
2014 Report on the Entanglement of Marine Species in Marine Debris with an Emphasis on Species in the United States | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Debris Program | Report | Entanglement | Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions | ||
Spatial and Seasonal Relationships Between Pacific Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) and their Prey, at Multiple Scales | Grigg, E.; Klimley, A.; Allen, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |||
Modelling of Noise Effects of Operational Offshore Wind Turbines Including Noise Transmission Through Various Foundation Types | Marmo, B.; Roberts, I.; Buckingham, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Demersal Fish, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Sympatric Seals, Satellite Tracking and Protected Areas: Habitat-Based Distribution Estimates for Conservation and Management | Carter, M.; Boehme, L.; Cronin, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Displacement | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | ||
Effect of pile-driving sounds on harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) hearing | Kastelein, R.; Helder-Hoek, L.; Kommeren, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Effects of larger turbines for the offshore wind farm at Krieger's Flak, Sweden. Assessment of impact on marine mammals | Tougaard, J.; Mikaelsen, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Monitoring ship noise to assess the impact of coastal developments on marine mammals | Merchant, N.; Pirotta, E.; Barton, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Measurement and characterisation of radiated underwater sound from a 3.6 MW monopile wind turbine | Pangerc, T.; Theobald, P.; Wang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Likely effects of construction of Scroby Sands offshore wind farm on a mixed population of harbour Phoca vitulina and grey Halichoerus grypus seals | Skeate, E.; Perrow, M.; Gilroy, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
How effectively do horizontal and vertical response strategies of long-finned pilot whales reduce sound exposure from naval sonar? | Wensveen, P.; von Benda-Beckmann, A.; Ainslie, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Marine Mammals of British Columbia Current Status, Distribution and Critical Habitats | Ford, J.; Nichol, L. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Harbor Seals & Harbor Porpoises-Pile Driving: Detection, Behavioral Response and TTS | Kastelein, R. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Dogger Bank Environmental Statement - Chapter 14: Marine Mammals | Mackey, B.; Keenan, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Hearing thresholds of two harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) for playbacks of multiple pile driving strike sounds | Kastelein, R.; Hoek, L.; Gransier, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: Cumulative Effects of Impulsive Underwater Sound on Marine Mammals | Heinis, F.; de Jong, C. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Likely Effects of Construction of Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm on a Mixed Population of Harbour Phoca vitulina and Grey Halichoerus grypus Seals | Skeate, E.; Perrow, M.; Gilroy, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | ||
Final Report on Aerial Monitoring of Seals near Nysted Offshore Wind Farm | Teilmann, J.; Carstensen, J.; Dietz, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | ||
Use of Anthropogenic Sea Floor Structures by Australian Fur Seals: Potential Positive Ecological Impacts of Marine Industrial Development? | Arnould, J.; Monk, J.; Lerodiaconou, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Use of Population Viability Analysis (PVA) to Assess the Potential for Long Term Impacts from Piling Noise on Marine Mammal Populations - A Case Study from the Scottish East Coast | De Silva, R.; Grellier, K.; Lye, G.; et al. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Regional baselines for marine mammal knowledge across the North Sea and Atlantic areas of Scottish waters | Hague, E.; Sinclair, R.; Sparling, C. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | ||
Review Of Demographic Parameters And Sensitivity Analysis To Inform Inputs And Outputs Of Population Consequences Of Disturbance Assessments For Marine Mammals | Sinclair, R.; Sparling, C.; Harwood, J. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | ||
Avoidance of Wind Farms by Harbour Seals is Limited to Pile Driving Activities | Russell, D.; Hastie, G.; Thompson, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Seascapes of Fear: Evaluating Sublethal Predator Effects Experienced and Generated by Marine Mammals | Wirsing, A.; Heithaus, M.; Frid, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |||
MERiFIC 3.3.2: Grey Seal Population Surveys of the Isles of Scilly and Parc Naturel Marin d'Iroise | Witt, M. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | ||
The Effect of Signal Duration on the Underwater Hearing Thresholds of Two Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) for Single Tonal Signals Between 0.2 and 40 kHz | Kastelein, R.; Hoek, L.; Wensveen, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | ||
Underwater Hearing Sensitivity of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) for Narrow Noise Bands Between 0.2 and 80 kHz | Kastelein, R.; Wensveen, P.; Hoek, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | ||
Distribution of Harbour Seals in the German Bight in Relation to Offshore Wind Power Plants | Adelung, D.; Kierspel, M.; Liebsch, N.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | ||
Effects of Underwater Sounds on Escape Behavior of Steller Sea Lions | Akamatsu, T.; Nakamura, K.; Nitto, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | ||
Underwater Auditory Localization by a Swimming Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina) | Bodson, A.; Miersch, L.; Mauck, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |||
Escape Responses of Hauled out Ringed Seals (Phoca hispida) to Aircraft Disturbance | Born, E.; Riget, F.; Dietz, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | ||
Behavioral Responses and Habituation of Pinnipeds and Small Cetaceans to Novel Objects and Simulated Fishing Gear With and Without a Pinger | Bowles, A.; Anderson, C. | Journal Article | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |||
Aversiveness of Sounds in Phocid Seals: Psycho-Physiological Factors, Learning Processes and Motivation | Götz, T.; Janik, V. | Journal Article | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | ||
Variability in Reactions of Pacific Harbor Seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, to Disturbance | Suryan, R.; Harvey, J. | Journal Article | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |||
Some Examples of Marine Mammal 'Discomfort Thresholds' in Relation to Man-Made Noise | Verboom, W.; Kastelein, R. | Report | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | ||
Habitat Preferences of Harbour Seals in the Dutch Coastal Area: Analysis and Estimate of Effects of Offshore Wind Farms | Brasseur, S.; Aarts, G.; Meesters, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |
Source Levels of the Underwater Calls of a Male Leopard Seal | Rogers, T. | Journal Article | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | |||
Fine-scale harbour seal at-sea usage mapping around Orkney and the North coast of Scotland | Jones, E.; Smout, S.; Blight, C.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds | ||
Marine Mammal Noise Exposure Criteria: Initial Scientific Recommendations | Southall, B.; Bowles, A.; Ellison, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | ||
Offshore Wind Farms and Marine Mammals: Impacts and Methodologies for Assessing Impacts | Evans, P. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | ||
Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary: Marine Mammals List | National Marine Sanctuaries | Website | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |||
Galloper Wind Farm Project: Environmental Statement - Chapter 14: Marine Mammals | Galloper Wind Farm | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | ||
Framework for Assessing Impacts of Pile-Driving Noise from Offshore Wind Farm Construction on a Harbour Seal Population | Thomson, P.; Hastie, G.; Nedwell, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
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