Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Offshore Wind Energy Research on Environmental Impacts Köller, J., Köppel, J., Peters, W. Book Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fish, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Offshore Wind-Farms OSPAR Commission Conference Paper Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Performance Characteristics of the NoiseSpotter: An Acoustic Monitoring and Localization System Raghukumar, K., Chang, G., Spada, F. Conference Paper Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Fish, Marine Mammals
Assessing the Environmental Impact of Underwater Noise During Offshore Windfarm Construction and Operation Nedwell, J., Mason, T., Barham, R. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments Copping, A., Hanna, L., Van Cleve, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Chemicals, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals Miller, J., Potty, G., Raposa, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Improving visual biodiversity assessments of motile fauna in turbid aquatic environments Jones, R., Griffin, R., Rees, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Assessing the State of Knowledge of Utility-Scale Wind Energy Development and Operation on Non-Volant Terrestrial and Marine Wildlife Lovich, J., Ennen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
EIA for Wind Farms in the United Kingdom and Germany Phylip-Jones, J., Fischer, T. Journal Article Wind Energy Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures Todd, V., Lazar, L., Williamson, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles
Marine Noise Budgets in Practice Faulkner, R., Merchant, N., Martinez, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Enabling Renewable Energy While Protecting Wildlife: An Ecological Risk-Based Approach to Wind Energy Development Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values Copping, A., Gorton, A., May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Taking the Animals' Perspective Regarding Anthropogenic Underwater Sound Popper, A., Hawkins, A., Thomsen, F. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Impact of Offshore Wind Farms on Marine Ecosystems, Pelagic Species and Fishing Negro, V., del Campo, J., Frades, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan (MEMP): Ecological Analysis Data Wells, R., Shenton, S. Presentation Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Waterfowl, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish, Birds
Burbo Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment The University of Liverpool Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment DONG Energy Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
COWRIE 1.5 The Potential Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Sub-Sea Power Cables Associated with Offshore Wind Farm Developments on Electrically and Magnetically Sensitive Marine Organisms - A Review Gill, A., Gloyne-Philips, I., Neal, K. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind EMF Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Updated Summary of Knowledge: Selected Areas of the Pacific Coast Kaplan, B., Beegle-Krause, C., McCay, D. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions
Monitoring and Researching Ecological Effects of Dutch Offshore Wind Farms Boon, A., ter Hofstede, R., Klok, C. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fish, Birds, Bats
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: State of the Art After Two Years of Environmental Monitoring Degraer, S., Brabant, R. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Ocean Noise: Turn it down - A report on ocean noise pollution McKenna, C., International Fund for Animal Welfare Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Potential Impacts to Predator-Prey Relationships as a Result of the Proposed Cape Wind Project in Nantucket Sound ESS Group Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Fish, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Review of Environmental Data Associated with Post-Consent Monitoring of Licence Conditions of Offshore Wind Farms Marine Management Organisation Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector WWF France Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms Defingou, M., Bils, F., Horchler, B. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Early Environmental Impact Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Variability Degraer, S., Brabant, R., Rumes, B. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fish, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
Offshore Wind Farms and the Environment: Danish Experiences from Horns Rev and Nysted Danish Energy Authority Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Marine Spatial Planning, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fish, Birds
Modelling of Noise Effects of Operational Offshore Wind Turbines Including Noise Transmission Through Various Foundation Types Marmo, B., Roberts, I., Buckingham, M. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Fish, Demersal Fish
Analysis of Marine Environmental Monitoring Plan Data from the Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm, Scotland (Operational Year 1) Walls, R., Canning, S., Lye, G. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Assessment of Sub-Sea Acoustic Noise and Vibration from Offshore Wind Turbines and its Impact on Marine Wildlife; Initial Measurements of Underwater Noise during Construction of Offshore Windfarms, and Comparison with Background Noise Nedwell, J., Langworthy, J., Howell, D. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Fish
Assessment Of The Effects Of Noise And Vibration From Offshore Wind Farms On Marine Wildlife Vella, G., Rushforth, I., Mason, E. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Fish
Danish Offshore Wind Key Environmental Issues - A Follow-up Danish Energy Agency, Danish Nature Agency, DONG Energy Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Effects of Marine Windfarms on the Distribution of Fish, Shellfish and Marine Mammals in the Horns Rev Area Hoffmann, E., Astrup, J., Larsen, F. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change, EMF, Avoidance, Attraction Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Noise on Marine Mammals and Fish Tomsen, F., Lüdemann, K., Kafemann, R. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Fish
The Effects of Wind Power on Marine Life - A Synthesis Bergström, L., Kautsky, L., Malm, T. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Fish, Marine Mammals
Monitoring and Research Shortlist Offshore Wind - Knowledge advancements and follow up Boon, A. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Power Production in the North Sea Draget, E. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Final Underwater Noise Analysis of Cape Wind Energy Project ESS Group Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Fish
NYSERDA Environmental Research Program Plan Research Area 4: Marine Wind and Wildlife New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish, Birds
East Anglia TWO Offshore Windfarm Scoping Report ScottishPower Renewables Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fish, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
A Framework for Regulating Underwater Noise During Pile Driving Andersson, M., Andersson, S., Ahlsén, J. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Fish, Demersal Fish
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations Horwath, S., Hassrick, J., Grismala, R. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects HT Harvey and Associates Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entrapment, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals
Measurement and Interpretation of Underwater Noise During Construction and Operation of Offshore Windfarms in UK Waters Nedwell, J., Parvin, S., Edwards, B. Report Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Environmental Interview: Effects of Wind Power on Marine Life Kautsky, L. Video Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Marine Mammals, Fish
Towards an Environmentally Sound Offshore Wind Energy Deployment Verfuß, U. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fish, Birds
Ecological Research on Offshore Wind Farms: International Exchange of Experiences - Part A Zucco, C., Wende, W., Merck, T. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish, Birds
Report of the Workshop on International Harmonisation of Approaches to Define Underwater Noise Exposure Criteria Lucke, K., Winter, E., Lam, F. Workshop Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish

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