Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Mitigating Wind-Turbine Induced Avian Mortality: Sensory, Aerodynamic and Cognitive Constraints and Options May, R.; Reitan, O.; Bevanger, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Towards a Numerical Model to Simulate the Observed Displacement of Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena Due to Pile Driving in Belgian Waters Haelters, J.; Duliere, V.; Vigin, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Displacement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Chemicals, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Effects of submarine power transmission cables on a glass sponge reef and associated megafaunal community Dunham, A.; Pegg, J.; Carolsfeld, W.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
Corridors for aliens but not for natives: effects of marine urban sprawl at a regional scale Airoldi, L.; Turon, X.; Perkol-Finkel, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Farm Wake Effect on Stratification and Coastal Upwelling Paskyabi, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
In situ observations of suspended particulate matter plumes at an offshore wind farm, southern North Sea Baeye, M.; Fettweis, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
Renewables-To-Reefs? Decommissioning Options for the Offshore Wind Power Industry Smyth, K.; Christie, N.; Burdon, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Ecosystem Processes
Curtailing Wind Turbine Operations to Reduce Avian Mortality Singh, K.; Baker, E.; Lackner, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
A Unifying Framework for the Underlying Mechanisms of Avian Avoidance of Wind Turbines May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Avoidance Birds
Succession and Seasonal Dynamics of the Epifauna Community on Offshore Wind Farm Foundations and their Role as Stepping Stones for Non-Indigenous Species De Mesel, I.; Kerckhof, F.; Norro, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Invertebrates
Seabird Avoidance and Attraction at an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Courtens, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
A Collision Risk Model to Predict Avian Fatalities at Wind Facilities: An Example Using Golden Eagles, Aquila chrysaetos New, L.; Bjerre, M.; Millsap, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Three Dimensional Tracking of a Wide-Ranging Marine Predator: Flight Heights and Vulnerability to Offshore Wind Farms Cleasby, I.; Wakefield, E.; Bearhop, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Insufficient sampling to identify species affected by turbine collisions Beston, J.; Diffendorfer, J.; Loss, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Camera-Trapping as a Methodology to Assess the Persistence of Wildlife Carcasses Resulting from Collisions with Human-Made Structures Paula, J.; Bispo, R.; Leite, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision
Do Habitat Characteristics Determine Mortality Risk for Bats at Wind Farms? Modelling Susceptible Species Activity Patterns and Anticipating Possible Mortality Events Ferreira, D.; Freixo, C.; Cabral, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Estimating Wind-Turbine Caused Bird and Bat Fatality when Zero Carcasses are Observed Huso, M.; Dalthorp, D.; Dail, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Estimates and Correlates of Bird and Bat Mortality at Small Wind Turbine Sites Minderman, J.; Fuentes-Montemayor, E.; Pearce-Higgins, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Game Birds do not Surrogate for Raptors in Trials to Calibrate Observed Raptor Collision Fatalities Urquhart, B.; Hulka, S.; Duffy, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
First Report on Bat Mortalities on Wind Farms in Chile Escobar, L.; Juarez, C.; Medina-Vogel, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Insufficient Sampling to Identify Species Affected by Turbine Collisions Beston, J.; Diffendorfer, J.; Loss, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Direct Mortality of Birds from Anthropogenic Causes Loss, S.; Will, T.; Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Regional Analysis of Wind Turbine-Caused Bat Mortality Drake, D.; Jennelle, C.; Liu, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Wind Turbines as Overwintering Sites Attractive to an Invasive Lady Beetle, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Dudek, K.; Dudek, M.; Tryjanowski, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction
Impact of wind facilities on bats in the Neotropics Rodríguez-Durán, A.; Feliciano-Robles, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Attraction Bats
Reproductive output of Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus in relation to wind turbine proximity Fernandez-Bellon, D.; Irwin, S.; Wilson, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Species composition and mortality of bats at the Osorio Wind Farm, southern Brazil Barros, M.; de Magalhaes, R.; Rui, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Limited Impact of a Small Residential Wind Turbine on Birds on an Off-Shore Island in Maine Morris, S.; Stumpe, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Establishing conservation baselines with dynamic distribution models for bat populations facing imminent decline Rodhouse, T.; Ormsbee, P.; Irvine, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Bats
Observation of Sandhill Cranes' (Grus canadensis) Flight Behavior in Heavy Fog Kirsch, E.; Wellik, M.; Suarez, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Using DNA barcoding to improve bat carcass identification at wind farms in the United States Korstian, J.; Hale, A.; Bennett, V.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
How effectively do horizontal and vertical response strategies of long-finned pilot whales reduce sound exposure from naval sonar? Wensveen, P.; von Benda-Beckmann, A.; Ainslie, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Spring Flyways of Migrating Soaring Birds in Akkar, Northern Lebanon Ramadan-Jaradi, G.; Ramadan-Jaradi, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Impacts of Wind Energy on Environment: A Review Wang, S.; Wang, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats, Birds
An autonomous GPS geofence alert system to curtail avian fatalities at wind farms Sheppard, J.; McGann, A.; Lanzone, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Use of Anthropogenic Sea Floor Structures by Australian Fur Seals: Potential Positive Ecological Impacts of Marine Industrial Development? Arnould, J.; Monk, J.; Lerodiaconou, D.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Temporal Variation in Environmental Conditions and the Structure of Fish Assemblages around an Offshore Oil Platform in the North Sea Fujii, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Pelagic Fish, Fish, Demersal Fish
Assessing Seabird Displacement at Offshore Wind Farms: Power Ranges of a Monitoring and Data Handling Protocol Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Verschelde, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Foundation Damping and the Dynamics of Offshore Wind Turbine Monopiles Carswell, W.; Johansson, J.; Løvholt, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Ecological Impacts of Wind Farms on Birds: Questions, Hypotheses, and Research Needs Wang, S.; Smith, P. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
How to Mitigate Impacts of Wind Farms on Bats? A Review of Potential Conservation Measures in the European Context Peste, F.; Paula, A.; Pinto da Silva, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Wildlife and Renewable Energy: German Politics Cross Migratory Bats Voigt, C.; Lehnert, L.; Petersons, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Towards a Cumulative Collision Risk Assessment of Local and Migrating Birds in North Sea Offshore Wind Farms Brabant, R.; Vanermen, N.; Steinen, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
Bird Movements at Rotor Heights Measured Continuously with Vertical Radar at a Dutch Offshore Wind Farm Fijn, R.; Krijgsveld, K.; Poot, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
Using Spatial Analyses of Bearded Vulture Movements in Southern Africa to Inform Wind Turbine Placement Reid, T.; Kruger, S.; Whitfield, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Underpinning the precautionary principle with evidence: A spatial concept for guiding wind power development in endangered species' habitats Braunisch, V.; Coppes, J.; Bachle, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Sage grouse war tests limits of partnership in West Lavelle, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Legal & Policy
Noise and Vibration Issues of Wind Turbines and Their Impact – A Review Saavedra, R.; Samanta, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change, Noise

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