Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Mitigating Wind-Turbine Induced Avian Mortality: Sensory, Aerodynamic and Cognitive Constraints and Options May, R.; Reitan, O.; Bevanger, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Towards a Numerical Model to Simulate the Observed Displacement of Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena Due to Pile Driving in Belgian Waters Haelters, J.; Duliere, V.; Vigin, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Displacement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Chemicals, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Severe decline in Cantabrian Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus cantabricus habitat use after construction of a wind farm Gonzalez, M.; Garcia-Tejero, S.; Wengert, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds
Effects of submarine power transmission cables on a glass sponge reef and associated megafaunal community Dunham, A.; Pegg, J.; Carolsfeld, W.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
Corridors for aliens but not for natives: effects of marine urban sprawl at a regional scale Airoldi, L.; Turon, X.; Perkol-Finkel, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Invertebrates
Offshore Wind Farm Wake Effect on Stratification and Coastal Upwelling Paskyabi, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Exploring the wakes of large offshore wind farms Emeis, S.; Siedersleben, S.; Lampert, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
In situ observations of suspended particulate matter plumes at an offshore wind farm, southern North Sea Baeye, M.; Fettweis, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
Kármán vortex and turbulent wake generation by wind park piles Grashorn, S.; Stanev, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Sediment Transport, Physical Environment
Renewables-To-Reefs? Decommissioning Options for the Offshore Wind Power Industry Smyth, K.; Christie, N.; Burdon, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Ecosystem Processes
Curtailing Wind Turbine Operations to Reduce Avian Mortality Singh, K.; Baker, E.; Lackner, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
A Unifying Framework for the Underlying Mechanisms of Avian Avoidance of Wind Turbines May, R. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Avoidance Birds
Succession and Seasonal Dynamics of the Epifauna Community on Offshore Wind Farm Foundations and their Role as Stepping Stones for Non-Indigenous Species De Mesel, I.; Kerckhof, F.; Norro, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Invertebrates
Seabird Avoidance and Attraction at an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Courtens, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
A Collision Risk Model to Predict Avian Fatalities at Wind Facilities: An Example Using Golden Eagles, Aquila chrysaetos New, L.; Bjerre, M.; Millsap, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Three Dimensional Tracking of a Wide-Ranging Marine Predator: Flight Heights and Vulnerability to Offshore Wind Farms Cleasby, I.; Wakefield, E.; Bearhop, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Approaching Population Thresholds in Presence of Uncertainty: Assessing Displacement of Seabirds from Offshore Wind Farms Busch, M.; Garthe, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Avian Collision Risk Models for Wind Energy Impact Assessments Masden, E.; Cook, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Insufficient sampling to identify species affected by turbine collisions Beston, J.; Diffendorfer, J.; Loss, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Camera-Trapping as a Methodology to Assess the Persistence of Wildlife Carcasses Resulting from Collisions with Human-Made Structures Paula, J.; Bispo, R.; Leite, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision
Effects of Wind-Energy Facilities on Breeding Grassland Bird Distributions Shaffer, J.; Buhl, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Do Habitat Characteristics Determine Mortality Risk for Bats at Wind Farms? Modelling Susceptible Species Activity Patterns and Anticipating Possible Mortality Events Ferreira, D.; Freixo, C.; Cabral, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Estimating Wind-Turbine Caused Bird and Bat Fatality when Zero Carcasses are Observed Huso, M.; Dalthorp, D.; Dail, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Estimates and Correlates of Bird and Bat Mortality at Small Wind Turbine Sites Minderman, J.; Fuentes-Montemayor, E.; Pearce-Higgins, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Game Birds do not Surrogate for Raptors in Trials to Calibrate Observed Raptor Collision Fatalities Urquhart, B.; Hulka, S.; Duffy, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
First Report on Bat Mortalities on Wind Farms in Chile Escobar, L.; Juarez, C.; Medina-Vogel, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Insufficient Sampling to Identify Species Affected by Turbine Collisions Beston, J.; Diffendorfer, J.; Loss, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Seabirds and Offshore Wind Farms in European Waters: Avoidance and Attraction Dierschke, V.; Furness, R.; Garthe, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
Impacts of wind power infrastructure development on semi-domesticated reindeer and reindeer husbandry Skarin, A.; Sandström, P.; Alam, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Direct Mortality of Birds from Anthropogenic Causes Loss, S.; Will, T.; Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Impact of Wind Energy on Bats: A Summary of Our Current Knowledge Hein, C.; Schirmacher, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Avian Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities in North America: A Comparison of Recent Approaches Johnson, D.; Loss, S.; Smallwood, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wind Energy Development: Methods for Assessing Risks to Birds and Bats Pre-Construction Katzner, T.; Bennett, V.; Miller, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Predicting Eagle Fatalities at Wind Facilities Bay, K.; Nasman, K.; Erickson, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Regional Analysis of Wind Turbine-Caused Bat Mortality Drake, D.; Jennelle, C.; Liu, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
A Theoretical Approach to Estimating Bird Risk of Collision with Wind Turbines Where Empirical Flight Activity Data Are Lacking Furness, R.; Trinder, M.; MacArthur, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision Birds
Bat Mortality Due to Wind Turbines in Canada Zimmerling, J.; Francis, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Prioritizing Avian Species for Their Risk of Population Level Consequences from Wind Energy Development Beston, J.; Diffendorfer, J.; Loss, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Wind Turbines as Overwintering Sites Attractive to an Invasive Lady Beetle, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Dudek, K.; Dudek, M.; Tryjanowski, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction
Impact of wind facilities on bats in the Neotropics Rodríguez-Durán, A.; Feliciano-Robles, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Attraction Bats
Bats in a tropical wind farm: species composition and importance of the spatial attributes of vegetation cover on bat fatalities Bolivar-Cime, B.; Bolivar-Cime, A.; Cabrera-Cruz, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Ocean sprawl: challenges and opportunities for biodiversity management in a changing world Firth, L.; Knights, A.; Bridger, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions
Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea Welcker, J.; Nehls, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Bat activity during autumn relates to atmospheric conditions: implications for coastal wind energy development Smith, A.; McWilliams, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats
Patterns of migrating soaring migrants indicate attraction to marine wind farms Skov, H.; Desholm, M.; Heinänen, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Wind energy, nest success, and post‐fledging survival of Buteo hawks Kolar, P.; Bechard, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Raptors, Birds
Reproductive success of Horned Lark and McCown's Longspur in relation to wind energy infrastructure Mahoney, A.; Chalfoun, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Passerines, Birds
Reproductive output of Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus in relation to wind turbine proximity Fernandez-Bellon, D.; Irwin, S.; Wilson, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Species composition and mortality of bats at the Osorio Wind Farm, southern Brazil Barros, M.; de Magalhaes, R.; Rui, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats

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