Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Comparative migration ecology of striped bass and Atlantic sturgeon in the US Southern mid-Atlantic bight flyway Rothermel, E.; Balazik, M.; Best, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance Fish
Predator attack rates and anti-predator behavior of side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) at Southern California wind farms, USA Keehn, J.; Feldman, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Reptiles
Direct Mortality of Birds from Anthropogenic Causes Loss, S.; Will, T.; Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Prioritizing Avian Species for Their Risk of Population Level Consequences from Wind Energy Development Beston, J.; Diffendorfer, J.; Loss, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
When the Excrement Hits the Fan: Fecal Surveys Reveal Species-Specific Bat Activity at Wind Turbines Bennett, V.; Hale, A.; Williams, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Behavioral accommodation of nesting hawks to wind turbines Watson, J.; Keren, I.; Davies, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Raptors
Greater sage‐grouse male lek counts relative to a wind energy development LeBeau, C.; Beck, J.; Johnson, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Spatial Ecology of Female Mule Deer in an Area Proposed for Wind Energy Development Webb, S.; Dzialak, M.; Houchen, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
Impacts of 319 wind farms on surface temperature and vegetation in the United States Qin, Y.; Li, Y.; Xu, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
Incorporating Climate Uncertainty into Conservation Planning for Wildlife Managers Wilkening, J.; Magness, D.; Harrington, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
An Updated Review of Hypotheses Regarding Bat Attraction to Wind Turbines Guest, E.; Stamps, B.; Durish, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Noise Bats
Bat activity during autumn relates to atmospheric conditions: implications for coastal wind energy development Smith, A.; McWilliams, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats
Land cover and topography affect the land transformation caused by wind facilities Diffendorfer, J.; Compton, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Scavenger removal of bird carcasses at simulated wind turbines: Does carcass type matter? DeVault, T.; Seamans, T.; Linnell, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Do American Golden-Plovers (Pluvialis dominica) Avoid Wind-energy Turbines in Agricultural Fields in Indiana During Spring Migration? Homoya, W.; Moore, J.; Ruhl, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Shorebirds, Birds
Resource Availability May Not Be a Useful Predictor of Migratory Bat Fatalities or Activity at Wind Turbines Bennett, V.; Hale, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction Bats
Effects of wind energy generation and white-nose syndrome on the viability of the Indiana bat Erickson, R.; Thogmartin, W.; Diffendorfer, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats
Environmental risk evaluation system—an approach to ranking risk of ocean energy development on coastal and estuarine environments Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Establishing conservation baselines with dynamic distribution models for bat populations facing imminent decline Rodhouse, T.; Ormsbee, P.; Irvine, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Bats
Forecasting the consequences of climate-driven shifts in human behavior on cetaceans Alter, S.; Simmonds, M.; Brandon, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Disturbance affects biotic community composition at desert wind farms Keehne, J.; Feldman, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Assessing bird avoidance of high-contrast lights using a choice test approach: implications for reducing human-induced avian mortality Goller, B.; Blackwell, B.; DeVault, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Lighting Birds
Landscape design: Integrating ecological, social, and economic considerations into conservation planning Bartuszevige, A.; Taylor, K.; Daniels, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Influencing Activity of Bats by Dimly Lighting Wind Turbine Surfaces with Ultraviolet Light Cryan, P.; Gorresen, P.; Straw, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Wind energy, nest success, and post‐fledging survival of Buteo hawks Kolar, P.; Bechard, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Raptors, Birds
Reproductive success of Horned Lark and McCown's Longspur in relation to wind energy infrastructure Mahoney, A.; Chalfoun, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Passerines, Birds
Identifying areas of wetland and wind turbine overlap in the south-central Great Plains of North America Heintzman, L.; Auerbach, E.; Kilborn, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Breeding Density and Collision Mortality of Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Smallwood, K.; Smallwood, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Adaptive management to improve eagle conservation at terrestrial wind facilities New, L.; Simonis, J.; Otto, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Bats (Chiroptera) of Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Utah and Arizona Carpenter, G.; Pilkington, L.; Levorse, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Bats
Endangered Atlantic Sturgeon in the New York Wind Energy Area: implications of future development in an offshore wind energy site Ingram, E.; Cerrato, R.; Dunton, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
A review of the effectiveness of operational curtailment for reducing bat fatalities at terrestrial wind farms in North America Adams, E.; Gulka, J.; Williams, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats, Environmental Impact Assessment
Population-Level Effects of Wind Farms on a Desert Lizard Keehn, J.; Shoemaker, K.; Feldman, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Reptiles
FARMLAND BIRDS ACROSS THE WORLD van der Weijden, W.; Terwan, P.; Guldemond, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Distribution and abundance of cetaceans in a wind energy development area offshore of Massachusetts and Rhode Island Stone, K.; Leiter, S.; Kenney, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Anthropogenic disturbance facilitates a non-native species on offshore oil platforms Viola, S.; Page, H.; Zaleski, S.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Invertebrates
Costs and consequences of wind turbine wake effects arising from uncoordinated wind energy development Lundquist, J.; DuVivier, K.; Kaffine, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions
NABat: A top-down, bottom-up solution to collaborative continental-scale monitoring Reichert, B.; Bayless, M.; Cheng, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2018 Annual Report Anderson, P.; Aldridge, C.; Alexander, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Migrating whooping cranes avoid wind-energy infrastructure when selecting stopover habitat Pearse, A.; Metzger, K.; Brandt, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Shorebirds
Keeping the West Wild: Conservation and Rapid Energy Development Fargione, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Environmental Justice, Legal & Policy
Sage grouse war tests limits of partnership in West Lavelle, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Legal & Policy
Public receptiveness of vertical axis wind turbines Hui, I.; Cain, B.; Dabiri, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Noise and Vibration Issues of Wind Turbines and Their Impact – A Review Saavedra, R.; Samanta, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change, Noise
The Iowa Atmospheric Observatory: Revealing the Unique Boundary Layer Characteristics of a Wind Farm Takle, E.; Rajewski, D.; Purdy, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Geographic context affects the landscape change and fragmentation caused by wind energy facilities Diffendorfer, J.; Dorning, M.; Keen, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Behavioral patterns of bats at a wind turbine confirm seasonality of fatality risk Goldenberg, S.; Cryan, P.; Gorresen, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement Bats
Greater Sage‐Grouse Response to the Physical Footprint of Energy Development Kirol, C.; Smith, K.; Graf, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Potential impacts of energy development on shrublands in western North America Pocewicz, A.; Copeland, H.; Kiesecker, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Columbian sharp‐tailed grouse nesting ecology: wind energy and habitat Proett, M.; Roberts, S.; Horne, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds

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