Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
The Effects of Wind Turbines on Antipredator Behavior in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) Rabin, L.; Coss, R.; Owings, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise, Collision, Avoidance Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Avoidance Behavior by Prairie Grouse: Implications for Development of Wind Energy Pruett, C.; Patten, M.; Wolfe, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Modeling the Distribution of Migratory Bird Stopovers to Inform Landscape-Scale Siting of Wind Development Pocewicz, A.; Estes-Zumpf, W.; Andersen, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Novel Scavenger Removal Trials Increase Wind Turbine - Caused Avian Fatality Estimates Smallwood, K.; Bell, D.; Snyder, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
An Analysis of Displacement from Wind Turbines in a Wintering Grassland Bird Community Stevens, T.; Hale, A.; Karsten, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
The avian and wildlife costs of fossil fuels and nuclear power Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds, Bats
Wind Power Company Compliance with Mitigation Plans in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Smallwood, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Burrowing Owl Mortality in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Smallwood, K.; Thelander, C.; Morrison, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Bird Mortality in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California Smallwood, K.; Thelander, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Nesting Burrowing Owl Density and Abundance in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California Smallwood, K.; Neher, L.; Mount, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Map-Based Repowering and Reorganization of a Wind Resource Area to Minimize Burrowing Owl and Other Bird Fatalities Smallwood, K.; Neher, L.; Bell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Avian and Bat Fatality Rates at Old-Generation and Repowered Wind Turbines in California Smallwood, K.; Karas, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds, Bats
Using echolocation monitoring to model bat occupancy and inform mitigations at wind energy facilities Weller, T.; Baldwin, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Bats
Winter Resource Selection by Mule Deer on the Wyoming-Colorado Border Prior to Wind Energy Development Webb, S.; Dzialak, M.; Kosciuch, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Home Range and Resource Selection by GPS-Monitored Adult Golden Eagles in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion: Implications for Wind Power Development Watson, J.; Duff, A.; Davies, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Response of Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus elaphus) to Wind-power Development Walter, W.; Leslie, D.; Jenks, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals
GIS-based wind farm site selection using spatial multi-criteria analysis (SMCA): Evaluating the case for New York State van Haaren, R.; Fthenakis, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Effects of Wind Turbines on Nesting Raptors at Buffalo Ridge in Southwestern Minnesota Usgaard, R.; Naugle, D.; Osborn, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Space use by Female Greater Prairie-Chickens in Response to Wind Energy Development Winder, V.; NcNew, L.; Gregory, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Effects of Wind Energy Development on Survival of Female Greater Prairie-Chickens Winder, V.; NcNew, L.; Gregory, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Bats are not birds and other problems with Sovacool's (2009) analysis of animal fatalities due to electricity generation Willis, C.; Barclay, R.; Boyles, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Attraction Birds, Bats
Fish densities associated with structural elements of oil and gas platforms in southern California Meyer-Gutbrod, E.; Kui, L.; Nishimoto, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Fish
Effects of an Offshore Oil Platform on the Distribution and Abundance of Commercially Important Crab Species Page, H.; Dugan, J.; Dugan, D.; et al. Journal Article Attraction, Habitat Change Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Getting it Right for the North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena glacialis): A Last Opportunity for Effective Marine Spatial Planning? Petruny, L.; Wright, A.; Smith, C. Journal Article Collision, Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
ATOC/Pioneer Seamount Cable after 8 Years on the Seafloor: Observations, Environmental Impact Kogan, I.; Paull, C.; Kuhnz, L.; et al. Journal Article Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Oil Platforms off California are Among the Most Productive Marine Fish Habitats Globally Claisse, J.; Pondella, D.; Love, M.; et al. Journal Article Habitat Change Pelagic Fish, Fish, Ecosystem Processes, Demersal Fish
Habitat Use and Selection of Black Scoters in Southern New England and Siting of Offshore Wind Energy Facilities Loring, P.; Paton, P.; Osenkowski, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds
Demography of Female Greater Prairie-Chickens in Unfragmented Grasslands in Kansas Augustine, J.; Sandercock, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Bat Mortalities at a Wind Energy Facility in North Dakota Bicknell, L.; Gilliam, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Predicting and Mapping Potential Whooping Crane Stopover Habitat to Guide Site Selection for Wind Energy Projects Belaire, J.; Kreakie, B.; Keitt, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Common Raven Occurrence in Relation to Energy Transmission Line Corridors Transiting Human-Altered Sagebrush Steppe Coates, P.; Howe, K.; Casazza, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Evaluating Greater Sage-Grouse Seasonal Space Use Relative to Leks: Implications for Surface Use Designations in Sagebrush Ecosystems Coates, P.; Casazza, M.; Blomberg, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Optimizing Wind Power Generation while Minimizing Wildlife Impacts in an Urban Area Bohrer, G.; Zhu, K.; Jones, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Survey of Bat Mortalities at a Wind-Energy Facility in North Dakota Bicknell, L.; Gilliam, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Is Male-Biased Collision Mortality of Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) in Florida Associated with Flock Behavior Folk, M.; Dellinger, T.; Leone, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Wind and Wildlife in the Northern Great Plains: Identifying Low-Impact Areas for Wind Development Fargione, J.; Kiesecker, J.; Slaats, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Collision Risk and Micro-Avoidance Rates of Birds with Wind Turbines in Flanders Everaert, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Female Agassizs Desert Tortoise Activity at a Wind Energy Facility in Southern California: The Influence of an El Nino Event Ennen, J.; Meyer, K.; Lovich, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change
Nesting Ecology of a Population of Gopherus agassizii at a Utility-Scale Wind Energy Facility in Southern California Ennen, J.; Lovich, J.; Meyer, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Reptiles
Behavior of Red-Tailed Hawks in a Wind Turbine Development Hoover, S.; Morrison, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Avian Collision Mortality at 50- and 60- m Guyed Towers in Central California Kerlinger, P.; Guarnaccia, J.; Hasch, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Passerines
Topography drives migratory flight altitude of golden eagles: implications for on-shore wind energy development Katzner, T.; Brandes, D.; Miller, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Long-Term Post-Fire Effects on Spatial Ecology and Reproductive Output of Female Agassiz's Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at a Wind Energy Facility near Palm Springs, California, USA Lovich, J.; Ennen, J.; Madrak, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Reptiles
Turtles and Culverts, and Alternative Energy Development: An Unreported but Potentially Significant Mortality Threat to the Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) Lovich, J.; Ennen, J.; Madrak, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Entanglement Reptiles
Black Bears (Ursus americanus) as a Novel Potential Predator of Agassiz's Desert Tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) at a California Wind Energy Facility Lovich, J.; Delaney, D.; Briggs, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Terrestrial Mammals, Reptiles
Effect of wind energy development on breeding duck densities in the Prairie Pothole Region Loesch, C.; Walker, J.; Reynolds, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Waterfowl, Birds
Effects of Wind Turbines on Upland Nesting Birds in Conservation Reserve Program Grasslands Leddy, K.; Higgins, K.; Naugle, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Passerines
Short-Term Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Greater Sage-Grouse Fitness LeBeau, C.; Beck, J.; Johnson, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Nocturnal Bird Migration Over an Appalachian Ridge at a Proposed Wind Power Project Mabee, T.; Cooper, B.; Plissner, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Effects of wind energy production on growth, demography, and survivorship of a desert tortoise population in Southern California with comparisons to natural populations Lovich, J.; Ennen, J.; Madrak, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Reptiles

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