Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Avoidance Behavior by Prairie Grouse: Implications for Development of Wind Energy Pruett, C.; Patten, M.; Wolfe, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Map-Based Repowering and Reorganization of a Wind Resource Area to Minimize Burrowing Owl and Other Bird Fatalities Smallwood, K.; Neher, L.; Bell, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Avian and Bat Fatality Rates at Old-Generation and Repowered Wind Turbines in California Smallwood, K.; Karas, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds, Bats
Patterns of Bat Fatality at the Casselman Wind Project in South-Central Pennsylvania: 2008 Annual Report Arnett, E.; Schirmacher, M.; Huso, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Sage-Grouse and Wind Energy: Biology, Habits, and Potential Effects from Development Becker, J.; Tagestad, J.; Duberstein, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Towards a Numerical Model to Simulate the Observed Displacement of Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena Due to Pile Driving in Belgian Waters Haelters, J.; Duliere, V.; Vigin, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Displacement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Influence of Behavior on Bird Mortality in Wind Energy Developments Smallwood, K.; Rugge, L.; Morrison, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Chemicals, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
On-Shore Bird and Bat Pre- and Post-Construction Monitoring Protocol for Commercial Wind Energy Facilities in Ohio: An Addendum to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Voluntary Cooperative Agreement Ohio Department of Natural Resources Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Birds, Bats and Coastal Wind Farm Development in Maine: A Literature Review Goodale, W.; Divoll, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Curtailing Wind Turbine Operations to Reduce Avian Mortality Singh, K.; Baker, E.; Lackner, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
A Collision Risk Model to Predict Avian Fatalities at Wind Facilities: An Example Using Golden Eagles, Aquila chrysaetos New, L.; Bjerre, M.; Millsap, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
It's Not Easy Being Green: Wind Energy and a Declining Grassland Bird Pruett, C.; Patten, M.; Wolfe, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Post Construction Fatality Surveys for the Prairie Rose Wind Energy Facility Rock County, Minnesota Chodachek, K.; Adachi, K.; DiDonato, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision
Direct Mortality of Birds from Anthropogenic Causes Loss, S.; Will, T.; Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Regional Analysis of Wind Turbine-Caused Bat Mortality Drake, D.; Jennelle, C.; Liu, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Post‐Construction Bat and Bird Fatality Study at the Blue Sky Green Field Wind Energy Center, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin: July 21, 2008 – October 31, 2008 and March 15, 2009 – June 4, 2009 Gruver, J.; Sonnenburg, M.; Bay, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Limited Impact of a Small Residential Wind Turbine on Birds on an Off-Shore Island in Maine Morris, S.; Stumpe, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Establishing conservation baselines with dynamic distribution models for bat populations facing imminent decline Rodhouse, T.; Ormsbee, P.; Irvine, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Bats
Observation of Sandhill Cranes' (Grus canadensis) Flight Behavior in Heavy Fog Kirsch, E.; Wellik, M.; Suarez, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Using DNA barcoding to improve bat carcass identification at wind farms in the United States Korstian, J.; Hale, A.; Bennett, V.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Annual Report for the Noble Bliss Windpark, LLC Postconstruction Bird and Bat Fatality Study 2008 Jain, A.; Kerlinger, P.; Curry, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Preliminary Assessment of Offshore Wind Development Impacts on Marine Ecosystems Huang, H.; Hall, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow Physical Environment
Sage grouse war tests limits of partnership in West Lavelle, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Legal & Policy
Noise and Vibration Issues of Wind Turbines and Their Impact – A Review Saavedra, R.; Samanta, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change, Noise
Effectiveness of Changing Wind Turbine Cut-in Speed to Reduce Bat Fatalities at Wind Facilities 2009 Arnett, E.; Schirmacher, M.; Huso, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Mortality Monitoring at the Alta Wind Energy Center, Phase X, Kern County, California. Final Report for the First Year of Operation: March 2014 – March 2015 Chatfield, A.; Levenstein, K.; DiDonato, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Interim Report: Post-Construction Bat and Bird Fatality Study Blue Sky Green Field Wind Resource Area Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin Gruver, J.; Bay, K.; Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Annual Report for the Maple Ridge Wind Power Project Postconstruction Bird and Bat Fatality Study - 2007 Jain, A.; Kerlinger, P.; Curry, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Shorebirds, Waterfowl
Land-Use Requirements of Modern Wind Power Plants in the United States Denholm, P.; Hand, M.; Jackson, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment
Chiropteran Risk Assessment: Proposed Pleasant Ridge Wind Energy Generation Facility, Livingston County, Illinois BHE Environmental Inc Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Fatality at the Horse Butte Wind Facility, Years 1–3 SWCA Environmental Consultants Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
2008/2009 Annual Report for the Buena Vista Avian and Bat Monitoring Project Insignia Environmental Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Map-Based Repowering of the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Based on Burrowing Owl Burrows, Raptor Flights, and Collisions with Wind Turbines Smallwood, K.; Neher, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors

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