The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SEER Factsheet | SEER | Summary | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind | Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Reviewing the ecological impacts of offshore wind farms | Galparsoro, I.; Menchaca, I.; Garmendia, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Wind energy and its link to sustainability in developing countries | Kabir, M.; Sree, N.; Khatod, K.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Visual Impacts | |
Acceptable Levels of Impact from offshore wind farms on the Dutch Continental Shelf for 21 bird species | Potiek, A.; Ijntema, G.J.; van Kooten, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
An integrated conceptual model to characterize the effects of offshore wind farms on ecosystem services | Baulaz, Y.; Mouchet, M.; Niquil, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data | |
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development | Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
A review to inform the assessment of the risk of collision and displacement in petrels and shearwaters from offshore wind developments in Scotland | Deakin, Z.; Cook, A.; Daunt, F.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Fish | |
Offshore wind energy ecological programme (Wozep) Monitoring and research programme 2017-2021 | WOZEP project team | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Icebreaker Wind Aerial Survey Waterbird Report | Stucker, J.; Carlisle, J.; Pham, D.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Offshore Wind and Marine Renewable Energy in Northern Ireland | Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations (2021 Revision) | Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
The State of the Science on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy Development: Workshop Proceedings | Gulka, J.; Williams, K. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
State of the Science Workshop on Offshore Wind and Wildlife 2020: Cumulative Impacts | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
South Fork Wind: Conditions of Construction and Operations Plan Approval | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Guidelines For Environmental Impact Studies On Marine Biodiversity For Offshore Windfarm Projects In The Baltic Sea Region | Baltic Environmental Forum – Latvia | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Towards understanding environmental and cumulative impacts of floating wind farms: Lessons learned from the fixed-bottom offshore wind farms | Rezaei, F.; Contestabile, P; Vicinanza, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, EMF | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future | Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data | |
Ocean Wind 1 Construction and Operations Plan | Ocean Wind 1 | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions | |
DRAFT Ocean Wind 1 Offshore Wind Farm Biological Assessment | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan for Commercial Lease OCS | Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind, LLC | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds, Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
The most Important Environmental Project in a German Offshore Wind Farm: Accompanying Ecological Research on the Offshore Test Field Project Alpha Ventus | Beiersdorf, A.; Boethling, M.; Binder, A.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy | |
Wind energy in the city: Hong Kong’s offshore wind energy generation potential, deployment plans, and ecological pitfalls | Delina, L. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions, Climate Change | |
Forecasting the consequences of climate-driven shifts in human behavior on cetaceans | Alter, S.; Simmonds, M.; Brandon, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Fisheries | |
Environmental risk evaluation system—an approach to ranking risk of ocean energy development on coastal and estuarine environments | Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Power from the Brave New Ocean: Marine Renewable Energy and Ecological Risks | Hammar, L. | Thesis | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment | Dong Energy | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments | Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Wave, Tidal, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy | Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Chemicals, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction | Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds | |
Environmental impacts of offshore wind installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning activities: A case study of Brazil | Hernández Carrascal, O.; Shadman, M.; Amiri, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms | Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Preliminary Investigations of Bird-Turbine Collisions at Nysted Offshore Wind Farm and Final Quality Control of Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS) | Desholm, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Waterfowl, Seabirds, Birds | |
Enabling Renewable Energy While Protecting Wildlife: An Ecological Risk-Based Approach to Wind Energy Development Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values | Copping, A.; Gorton, A.; May, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects | HT Harvey and Associates | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Bird Casualties Caused by a Wind Energy Project in an Estuary | Musters, C.; Noordervliet, M.; terKeurs, W. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Waterfowl, Shorebirds, Seabirds, Birds | |
Influence of Behavior on Bird Mortality in Wind Energy Developments | Smallwood, K.; Rugge, L.; Morrison, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 4. Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation | Perrow, M. | Book | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Noise | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment | Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS): Development of a Method for Estimating Collision Frequency of Migrating Birds at Offshore Wind Turbines | Desholm, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Waterfowl, Seabirds, Passerines, Birds | |
Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus Migration in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms | Griffin, L.; Rees, E.; Hughes, B. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Vulnerability of Scottish Seabirds to Offshore Wind Turbines | Furness, B.; Wade, H. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl | |
Avian Collision Risk at an Offshore Wind Farm | Desholm, M.; Kahlert, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Waterfowl, Birds | |
Avian Issues for Offshore Wind Development | Allison, T.; Jedrey, E.; Perkins, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl | |
Assessment of the Effects of Offshore Wind in Birds | Percival, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl | |
Collision Mortalities at Horseshoe Shoal of Bird Species of Special Concern | Hatch, J.; Brault, S. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Commercial Wind Lease and Grant Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Humboldt Wind Energy Area, California | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); BOEM Environmental Studies Program | Report | Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Future environmental scenarios for offshore wind expansion | Still, D.; Pacitto, S.; Miller, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
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