The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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How to strive for balance of coastal wind energy development with waterbird conservation in the important coastal wetlands, a case study in the Chongming Islands of East China | Li, B.; Yuan, X.; Chen, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl | |
Seabird species vary in behavioural response to drone census | Brisson-Curadeau, E.; Bird, D.; Burke, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Avoidance | Birds, Seabirds | ||
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures | Todd, V.; Lazar, L.; Williamson, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles | |
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Offshore Wind and Marine Renewable Energy in Northern Ireland | Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment | Report | Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
Drivers of European bat population change: a review reveals evidence gaps | Browning, E.; Barlow, K.; Burns, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Global offshore wind turbine dataset | Zhang, T.; Sengupta, D.; Zhang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Novel Application and Validation of a Method to Assess Visual Impacts of Rotating Wind Turbine Blades Within Woodland Areas | Nopp-Mayr, U.; Kunz, F.; Suppan, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Collision | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Visual Impacts | |
The effects of atmospheric currents on the migratory behavior of soaring birds: a review | Nourani, E.; Yamaguchi, N. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Seabirds | |
Assessing the effect of wind farms in fauna with a mathematical model | Roman, P.; Salinas, C.; Araujo, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Public receptiveness of vertical axis wind turbines | Hui, I.; Cain, B.; Dabiri, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts | |
Northern gannets (Morus bassanus) are strongly affected by operating offshore wind farms during the breeding season | Peschko, V.; Mendel, B.; Mercker, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Land suitability assessment for wind farms through best-worst method and GIS in Balıkesir province of Turkey | Tercan, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement | |
Offshore Wind Power for Marine Conservation | Hammar, L.; Perry, D.; Gullström, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Effects of offshore wind farms on birds: "Cuisinarts of the sky" or just tilting at windmills? | Tingley, M. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Passerines, Birds | |
Seabirds as samplers of the marine environment - a case study of northern gannets | Garthe, S.; Peschko, V.; Kubetzki, U.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance | Seabirds, Birds | |
Measuring the Interaction Between Marine Features of Special Protection Areas with Offshore Wind Farm Development Sites Through Telemetry: Final Report | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Clark, N.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Collision | Seabirds, Birds | |
Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Wildlife [Thesis] | Goodale, M. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Toward an Ecosystem Approach of Marine Renewable Energy: The Case of the Offshore Wind Farm of Courseulles-sur-Mer in the Bay of Seine | Niquil, N.; Raoux, A.; Haraldsson, M.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines | Cook, A.; Humphreys, E.; Masden, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea | Welcker, J.; Nehls, G. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Displacement | Seabirds, Birds | |
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource | Christol, C.; Oteri, F.; Laurienti, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts | |
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects | California State Lands Commission | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts Related to the Wind Farms End-of-Life | Mello, G.; Dias, M.; Robaina, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Recommended metrics for quantifying underwater noise impacts on North Atlantic right whales | Marotte, E.; Wright, A.; Breeze, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Incorporating Climate Uncertainty into Conservation Planning for Wildlife Managers | Wilkening, J.; Magness, D.; Harrington, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
ROSA Offshore Wind Project Monitoring Framework and Guidelines | ROSA | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Better utilisation and transparency of bird data collected by powerline companies | Kettel, E.; Thaxter, C.; Oppel, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Offshore wind turbine operations and maintenance: A state-of-the-art review | Ren, Z.; Verma, A.; Li, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season | Peschko, V.; Mendel, B.; Müller, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Estimating flight heights of seabirds using optical rangefinders and GPS data loggers: a methodological comparison | Borkenhagen, K.; Corman, A.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Endangered Atlantic Sturgeon in the New York Wind Energy Area: implications of future development in an offshore wind energy site | Ingram, E.; Cerrato, R.; Dunton, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Factors influencing wind turbine avoidance behaviour of a migrating soaring bird | Santos, C.; Ramesh, H.; Ferraz, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Investigating avoidance and attraction responses in lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus to offshore wind farms | Johnston, D.; Thaxter, C.; Boersch-Supan, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds | |
Potential impacts of floating wind turbine technology for marine species and habitats | Maxwell, S.; Kershaw, F.; Locke, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
Perception of Environmental Impacts of Wind Farms in Agricultural Areas of Northeast Brazil | Sobrinho Junior, M.; Hernandez, M.; Amora, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Terrestrial and marine foraging strategies of an opportunistic seabird species breeding in the Wadden Sea | Garthe, S.; Schwemmer, P.; Paiva, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals | |
A two-fold increase in migration distance does not have breeding consequences in a long-distance migratory seabird with high flight costs | Dufour, P.; Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K.; Lavergne, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Environmental risk evaluation system—an approach to ranking risk of ocean energy development on coastal and estuarine environments | Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
The negative impact of wind turbines on wildlife in South Africa | Docrat, N. | Thesis | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal & Policy | |
GPS tracking data can document wind turbine interactions: Evidence from a GPS-tagged Eurasian curlew | Jiguet, F.; Schwemmer, P.; Rousseau, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Bats, Birds, Shorebirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Wind development and wildlife mitigation in Wyoming: a primer | Jakle, A. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Site wind right: Identifying low-impact wind development areas in the Central United States | Hise, C.; Obermeyer, B.; Ahlering, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Revealing the ecological impact of low-speed mountain wind power on vegetation and soil erosion in South China: A case study of a typical wind farm in Yunnan | Ma, B.; Yang, J.; Chen, X.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Using expert knowledge to identify key threats and conservation strategies for wildlife: A case study with bats in China | Gao, H.; Xiang, Z.; He, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Bats, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Social & Economic Data | |
Dønnesfjord Windpark, Hasvik Municipality: Impact Assessment, Evaluation of Natural Environment | Jacobsen, K.; Borg, L.; Johnsen, T. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Strategic Impact Assessment of Offshore Windpower in Norway - Impacts on Seabirds | Lorensten, S.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, S.; Follestad, A.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Seabird Avoidance and Attraction at an Offshore Wind Farm in the Belgian Part of the North Sea | Vanermen, N.; Onkelinx, T.; Courtens, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds | |
Collision and Displacement Vulnerability Among Marine Birds of the California Current System Associated with Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure | Adams, J.; Kelsey, E.; Felis, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Seabirds, Birds |
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