Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Information Needs to Support Environmental Impact Assessments of the Effects of European Marine Offshore Wind Farms on Birds Fox, A.; Desholm, M.; Kahlert, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 4. Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals [Presentation] Miller, J.; Potty, G.; Raposa, K.; et al. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Waterfowl, Seabirds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
Effects of the Construction of Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm on the Prey Base of Little Tern Sternula albifons at its Most Important UK Colony Perrow, M.; Gilroy, J.; Skeate, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish
Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Noise on Marine Mammals and Fish Tomsen, F.; Lüdemann, K.; Kafemann, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Fish
Fish densities associated with structural elements of oil and gas platforms in southern California Meyer-Gutbrod, E.; Kui, L.; Nishimoto, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Fish
Effects of Sound on Fish Hastings, M.; Popper, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Epibenthic colonization of concrete and steel pilings in a cold-temperate embayment: a field experiment Andersson, M.; Berggren, M.; Wilhelmsson, D.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Framework for Assessing Impacts of Pile-Driving Noise from Offshore Wind Farm Construction on a Harbour Seal Population Thomson, P.; Hastie, G.; Nedwell, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Fouling Assemblages on Offshore Wind Power Plants and Adjacent Substrata Wilhelmsson, D.; Malm, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Fish And Sessile Assemblages Associated With Wind-turbine Constructions In The Baltic Sea Andersson, M.; Öhman, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates
Field Scale Experiments to Assess the Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on Marine Organisms Gill, A.; Mueller-Blenkle, C.; McGregor, P.; et al. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Fish
Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals Miller, J.; Potty, G.; Raposa, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Effects of an Offshore Wind Farm on Temporal and Spatial Patterns in the Demersal Fish Community Bergström, L.; Sundqvist, F.; Bergström, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Measurement of Wind Turbine Construction Noise at Horns Rev II Betke, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Shortlist Masterplan Wind - Effect of Piling Noise on Survival of Fish Larvae (pilot study) Bolle, L.; de Jong, C.; Bierman, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Effects of Offshore Pile Driving on Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Brandt, M.; Diederichs, A.; Betke, K.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Energy Profiling of Demersal Fish: A Case-Study in Wind Farm Artificial Reefs De Troch, M.; Reubens, J.; Heirman, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
The Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammals Boyd, I.; Brownell, B.; Cato, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Ocean Noise: Turn it down - A report on ocean noise pollution McKenna, C.; International Fund for Animal Welfare Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Review of Environmental Data Associated with Post-Consent Monitoring of Licence Conditions of Offshore Wind Farms Marine Management Organisation (MMO) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
The Ecology of Benthopelagic Fishes at Offshore Wind Farms: A Synthesis of 4 Years of Research Reubens, J.; Degraer, S.; Vincx, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Behavioural Reactions of Cod (Gadus morhua) and Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) to Sound Resembling Offshore Wind Turbine Noise Mueller, C. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
The Effects of Human-Generated Sound on Fish Popper, A.; Hastings, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Fish
A Sustainability Index of Potential Co-Location of Offshore Wind Farms and Open Water Aquaculture Benassai, G.; Mariani, P.; Stenberg, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions
An Integrated Visual Impact Assessment Model for Offshore Windfarm Development Depellegrin, D.; Blažauskas, N.; Egarter-Vigl, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Marine Mammals Trace Anthropogenic Structures at Sea Russell, D.; Brasseur, S.; Thompson, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes
Responses of Free-Living Coastal Pelagic Fish to Impulsive Sounds Hawkins, A.; Roberts, L.; Cheesman, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Pelagic Fish, Fish
Assessing the Impact of Underwater Sounds on Fishes and Other Forms of Marine Life Hawkins, A.; Popper, A. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Fish
Potential Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Noise on Fish Thomsen, F.; Judd, A.; Lüdemann, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Behavioral Reactions of Harbor Porpoise to Pile-Driving Noise Tougaard, J.; Kyhn, L.; Amundin, M.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Effects of Pile Driving on the Behavior of Cod and Sole Thomsen, F.; Mueller-Blenkle, C.; Gill, A.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Habitat Preferences of Harbour Seals in the Dutch Coastal Area: Analysis and Estimate of Effects of Offshore Wind Farms Brasseur, S.; Aarts, G.; Meesters, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
The Potential Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Cabling Between Offshore Wind Turbines upon Elasmobranch Fishes Gill, A.; Taylor, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Demersal Fish
In Situ Mortality Experiments with Juvenile Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Relation to Impulsive Sound Levels Caused by Pile Driving of Windmill Foundations Dubusschere, E.; de Coensel, B.; Bajek, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Assessing the Underwater Acoustics of the World's Largest Vibration Hammer (OCTA-KONG) and Its Potential Effects on the Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) Wang, Z.; Wu, Y.; Duan, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Assessing Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms: Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Future Bailey, H.; Brookes, K.; Thompson, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Lake Michigan Offshore Wind Feasibility Assessment Boezaart, A.; Edmonson, J.; Standridge, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Towards a Numerical Model to Simulate the Observed Displacement of Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena Due to Pile Driving in Belgian Waters Haelters, J.; Duliere, V.; Vigin, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Displacement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Responses of Harbour Porpoises to Pile Driving on a Temporal and Spatial Scale Braasch, A.; Joost, M.; Ketzer, C. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Study and Application of Underwater Noise Impact in Coastal Region off Western Taiwan Cheng, Y.; Lin, S.; Chang, Y.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects HT Harvey and Associates Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals
Hydro-Acoustic Monitoring of Fish Communities at Offshore Wind Farms Hvidt, C.; Leonhard, S.; Klaustrup, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Pelagic Fish
Hearing in Fish and their Reactions to Sounds from Offshore Wind Farms Wahlberg, M.; Westerberg, H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Harbour Seals at Horns Reef Before, During and After Construction of Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm Tougaard, J.; Tougaard, S.; Jensen, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Harbour Porpoises on Horns Reef Effects of the Horns Reef Wind Farm Jakob, T.; Carstensen, J.; Wisz, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and Wind Farms: A Case Study in the Dutch North Sea Scheidat, M.; Tougaard, J.; Brasseur, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Attraction Marine Mammals
Is There a Conflict Between Cetacean Conservation and Marine Renewable-Energy Developments? Brown, V.; Simmonds, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans

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