Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
ScotMER and MREF MASTS Workshop Report Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland Workshop Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Displacement, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Avoidance Behaviour of Birds around Offshore Wind Farms: Overview of Knowledge Including Effects of Configuration Krijgsveld, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Collision and Displacement Vulnerability Among Marine Birds of the California Current System Associated with Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure Adams, J.; Kelsey, E.; Felis, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
Changes in Fish Communities on a Small Spatial Scale, an Effect of Increased Habitat Complexity by an Offshore Wind Farm van Hal, R.; Griffioen, A.; van Keeken, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Use of High Resolution Sonar for Near-Turbine Fish Observations (DIDSON) - WeSea 2007-002 Couperus, B.; Winter, E.; van Keeken, O.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Pelagic Fish, Fish
Lack of Sound Science in Assessing Wind Farm Impacts on Seabirds Green, R.; Langston, R.; McCluskie, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
A Synchronized Sensor Array for Remote Monitoring of Avian and Bat Interactions with Offshore Renewable Energy Facilities Suryan, R.; Albertani, R.; Polagye, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Unforeseen Responses of a Breeding Seabird to the Construction of an Offshore Wind Farm Harwood, A.; Perrow, M.; Berridge, R.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
On the food-web ecology of offshore wind farms, the kingdom of suspension feeders Mavraki, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Activity-footprints, pressures-footprints and effects-footprints-Walking the pathway to determining and managing human impacts in the sea Elliott, M.; Borja, A.; Cormier, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions
Recreational Use of Offshore Wind Farms: Experiences and Opinions of Sea Anglers in the UK Hooper, T.; Hattam, C.; Austen, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Integrating Wind Turbines and Fish Farms: An Evaluation of Potential Risks to Marine and Coastal Bird Species Benjamins, S.; Masden, E.; Collu, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
A Review of Bird Strike Mortality at Irish Onshore Windfarms Fennelly, R. Magazine Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Effect of an Offshore Wind Farm on the Viviparous Eelpout: Biometrics, Brood Development and Population Studies in Lillgrund, Sweden Langhamer, O.; Dahlgren, T.; Rosenqvist, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Review of Methods and Techniques for Field Validation of Collision Rates and Avoidance Amongst Birds and Bats at Offshore Wind Turbines Dirksen, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Assessing larval connectivity for marine spatial planning in the Adriatic Bray, L.; Kassis, D.; Hall-Spencer, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
ORJIP Bird Collision and Avoidance Study Skov, H.; Heinänen, S.; Norman, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Seabirds and Offshore Wind Farms in European Waters: Avoidance and Attraction Dierschke, V.; Furness, R.; Garthe, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
Mobile Demersal Megafauna at Common Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations in the German Bight (North Sea) Two Years after Deployment - Increased Production Rate of Cancer pagurus Krone, R.; Dederer, G.; Kanstinger, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model Warwick-Evans, V.; Atkinson, P.; Walkington, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Evaluating Digital VHF Technology to Monitor Shorebird and Seabird Use of Offshore Wind Energy Areas in the Western North Atlantic Loring, P. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision Shorebirds, Seabirds, Birds
Environmental and Ecological Impacts of Wind Energy on Humans: Public Health Issues Walker, R.; Swift, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Lighting, Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Using Artificial-Reef Knowledge to Enhance the Ecological Function of Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations: Implications for Fish Abundance and Diversity Glarou, M.; Zrust, M.; Svendsen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish
Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Wildlife [Thesis] Goodale, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures Todd, V.; Lazar, L.; Williamson, L.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles
A Novel Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model to Evaluate Floating Wind Farm Locations Díaz, H.; Soares, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Underestimated Scale of Songbird Offshore Migration Across the South-Eastern North Sea during Autumn Brust, V.; Hüppop, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Passerines
EXPRESS: Expanding Pacific Research and Exploration of Submerged Systems Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Website Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
RECON: Reef effect structures in the North Sea, islands or connections? Summary Report Coolen, J.; van der Weide, B.; Cuperus, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
ROSA Offshore Wind Project Monitoring Framework and Guidelines ROSA Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Hydrodynamic Modeling, Particle Tracking and Agent-Based Modeling of Larvae in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight Johnson, T.; van Berkel, J.; Mortensen, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Assessing Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Facilities on Regional Sea Scallop Laval and Early Juvenile Transports Chen, C.; Zhao, L.; He, P.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Seafloor Disturbance and Recovery Monitoring at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island – Summary Report Khan, A.; Smith, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Benthic and Epifaunal Monitoring During Wind Turbine Installation and Operation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island – Project Report Hutchison, Z.; Bartley, M.; English, P.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
The Responsible Offshore Development Alliance Research Priorities 2022 Hogan, F. Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Life Cycle Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Nature-Inclusive Design: A Catalogue for Offshore Wind Infrastructure Hermans, A.; Bos, O.; Prusina, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Climate change effects on the ecophysiology and ecological functioning of an offshore wind farm artificial hard substrate community Voet, H.; van Colen, C.; Vanaverbeke, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Landscape Decisions to Meet Net Zero Carbon: Pathways that consider ethics, socio-ecological diversity, and landscape functions. Landscape Decisions Report Cole, B.; Gardner, E.; Willcock, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Recommended metrics for quantifying underwater noise impacts on North Atlantic right whales Marotte, E.; Wright, A.; Breeze, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Effects of pile driving sound on local movement of free-ranging Atlantic cod in the Belgian North Sea Auteurs van der Knaap, I.; Slabbekoorn, H.; Moens, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish
Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea Welcker, J.; Nehls, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Preliminary Data Aggregation and Analysis of the Effects on Fish, Marine Mammals, and other Marine Organisms, and the Habitats that Support them, from a Proposed Offshore Wind Farm off the Coast of Grays Harbor, Washington Severy, M.; Overhus, D.; Tugade, L.; et al. Report Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Climate Change, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
A methodological framework for optimal siting of offshore wind farms: A case study on the island of Crete Gkeka-Serpetsidaki, P.; Tsoutsos, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Human Dimensions
Linking ecosystem services with epibenthic biodiversity change following installation of offshore wind farms Causon, P.; Gill, A. Journal Article Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Application of Monte Carlo and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Processes for ranking floating wind farm locations Díaz, H.; Teixeira, A.; Soares, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Recreation & Tourism
Vertical Flow Simulations Using the Mesoscale Model to Assess Impacts on Soaring Birds around Offshore Wind Turbines Konagaya, M.; Takahashi, M.; Kato, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Seabirds
Weakly Supervised Detection of Marine Animals in High Resolution Aerial Images Berg, P.; Maia, D.; Pham, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Marine Mammals
Memoirs on the Marine Environment - Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment

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