Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 4. Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Fish densities associated with structural elements of oil and gas platforms in southern California Meyer-Gutbrod, E.; Kui, L.; Nishimoto, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Fish
Noise affects porpoise click detections – the magnitude of the effect depends on logger type and detection filter settings Clausen, K.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals
Effect of Pile-Driving Playback Sound Level on Fish-Catching Efficiency in Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Kastelein, R.; Huijser, L.; Cornelisse, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Effects of noise-mitigated offshore pile driving on harbour porpoise abundance in the German Bight 2014-2016 (Gescha 2) Rose, A.; Brandt, M.; Vilela, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Upscaling positive effects of scour protection in offshore wind farms Coolen, J.; Lengkeek, W.; van der Have, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farm Decommissioning Programme Ørsted Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Lighting Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Does the colonisation of offshore renewable energy farms facilitate the introduction and spread of non-indigenous species? Nexer, M.; Ben Rais Lasram, F.; Bourgougnon, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Measuring responses of harbour seals to potential aversive acoustic mitigation signals using controlled exposure behavioural response studies Gordon, J.; Blight, C.; Bryant, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Effects of impulsive noise on marine mammals: investigating range‐dependent risk Hastie, G.; Merchant, N.; Götz, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Harbour porpoise responses to pile-driving diminish over time Graham, I.; Merchant, N.; Farcas, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Reducing offshore pile driving noise: Modification of the hammer impulse Klages, E.; Von Pein, J.; Lippert, S.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Effect of impact pile driving noise on marine mammals: A comparison of different noise exposure criteria Stober, U.; Thomsen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Wind farms in the Icelandic highlands: Attitudes of local residents and tourism service providers Ólafsdóttir, R.; Sæþórsdóttir, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector WWF France Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Monitoring annoyance and stress effects of wind turbines on nearby residents Hübner, G.; Pohl, J.; Hoen, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions
Wind turbine audibility and noise annoyance in a national U.S. survey: Individual perception and influencing factors Haac, T.; Kaliski, K.; Landis, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Oil and gas platforms as artificial substrates for epibenthic North Sea fauna: Effects of location and depth Schutter, M.; Dorenbosch, M.; Driessen, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
An overview of fish bioacoustics and the impacts of anthropogenic sounds on fishes Popper, A.; Hawkins, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Benthic Monitoring During Wind Turbine Installation and Operation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island – Year 2 Bartley, M.; English, P.; King, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Physical Environment
Moray East Pre-Construction Survey Campaign Summary Report Moray Offshore Wind Farm (East) Limited Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Behavioural responses in a congested sea: an observational study on a coastal nest-guarding fish Mascolino, S.; Mariani, S.; Benvenuto, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
The importance of underwater sounds to gadoid fishes Hawkins, A.; Picciulin, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Underwater noise abatement: Economic factors and policy options Merchant, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Pile Driving Noise Reduction Approaches Wochner, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
A procedure for deriving wind turbine noise limits by taking into account annoyance Fredianelli, L.; Carpita, S.; Licitra, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions
Adaptive surface distortions for torque ripple control in vertical-axis wind turbines Erfort, G.; von Backström, T.; Venter, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Endangered Atlantic Sturgeon in the New York Wind Energy Area: implications of future development in an offshore wind energy site Ingram, E.; Cerrato, R.; Dunton, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Anthropogenic Sound and Fishes Popper, A.; Hawkins, A.; Halvorsen, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Environmental Impact Assessment
Renewable Energy: Wind Turbines, Solar Cells, Small Hydroelectric Plants, Biomass, and Geothermal Sources of Energy Kablar, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Fish
Methodology for modeling and service life monitoring of mooring lines of floating wind turbines Pham, H.; Schoefs, F.; Cartraud, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Synthesizing expert opinion to assess the at-sea risks to seabirds in the western North Atlantic Lieske, D.; Tranquilla, L.; Ronconi, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
ScotMER and MREF MASTS Workshop Report Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland Workshop Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Displacement, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
The Dynamic Ocean: Offshore Wind Energy and Other Activities in the New York Bight New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Fisheries, Navigation
The use of seal scarers as a protective mitigation measure can induce hearing impairment in harbour porpoises Schaffeld, T.; Ruser, A.; Woelfing, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Impact of pile-driving on Hector's dolphin in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand Leunissen, E.; Rayment, W.; Dawson, S. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Soundscape of an Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) hotspot before windfarm construction in the Pearl River Estuary, China: Do dolphin engage in noise avoidance and passive eavesdropping behavior? Wang, Z.; Akamatsu, T.; Nowacek, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Breeding home range movements of pre-fledged brolga chicks, Antigone rubicunda (Gruidae) in Victoria, Australia – Implications for wind farm planning and conservation Cook, S.; Palmer, G.; Hill, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Minimizing wildlife impacts for offshore wind energy development: Winning tradeoffs for seabirds in space and cetaceans in time Best, B.; Halpin, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Review of Raptor Sections of the Bluestone Wind Avian Risk Assessment Miller, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Marking a Decade of Monitoring, Research and Innovation Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Noise Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Determining the impact of pile-driving activity on the spatio-temporal distribution of Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Piesinger, G. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Offshore wind farms and their effects on birds Fox, A.; Petersen, I-K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Underwater Acoustic Monitoring Data Analyses for the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island HDR Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
South Fork Wind Farm COP Appendix P2: Animal Exposure Modelling Denes, S.; Weirathmueller, M.; Zeddies, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles

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