Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 4. Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Fish densities associated with structural elements of oil and gas platforms in southern California Meyer-Gutbrod, E.; Kui, L.; Nishimoto, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Fish
Framework for Assessing Impacts of Pile-Driving Noise from Offshore Wind Farm Construction on a Harbour Seal Population Thomson, P.; Hastie, G.; Nedwell, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Effects of an Offshore Wind Farm on Temporal and Spatial Patterns in the Demersal Fish Community Bergström, L.; Sundqvist, F.; Bergström, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Energy Profiling of Demersal Fish: A Case-Study in Wind Farm Artificial Reefs De Troch, M.; Reubens, J.; Heirman, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Responses of Harbour Porpoises to Pile Driving on a Temporal and Spatial Scale Braasch, A.; Joost, M.; Ketzer, C. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Offshore Wind Farms as Productive Sites or Ecological Traps for Gadoid Fishes? - Impact on Growth, Condition Index and Diet Composition Reubens, J.; Vandendriessche, S.; Zenner, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Attraction Fish, Demersal Fish
Noise affects porpoise click detections – the magnitude of the effect depends on logger type and detection filter settings Clausen, K.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals
Upscaling positive effects of scour protection in offshore wind farms Coolen, J.; Lengkeek, W.; van der Have, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Measuring responses of harbour seals to potential aversive acoustic mitigation signals using controlled exposure behavioural response studies Gordon, J.; Blight, C.; Bryant, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Effects of Noise on Marine Mammals Erbe, C.; Dunlop, R.; Dolman, S. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals
Effects of Man-Made Sound on Fishes Hawkins, A.; Popper, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Fish
Effects of impulsive noise on marine mammals: investigating range‐dependent risk Hastie, G.; Merchant, N.; Götz, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Use of Deterrent Devices and Improvements to Standard Mitigation during Piling Herschel, A.; Stephenson, S.; Sparling, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Attraction Marine Mammals
Use of Deterrent Devices and Improvements to Standard Mitigation during Piling - Research Summary Herschel, A.; Stephenson, S.; Sparling, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Attraction Marine Mammals
Harbour porpoise responses to pile-driving diminish over time Graham, I.; Merchant, N.; Farcas, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Modelling of Noise Effects of Operational Offshore Wind Turbines Including Noise Transmission Through Various Foundation Types Marmo, B.; Roberts, I.; Buckingham, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Modeling Wildlife Densities and Habitat Use Across Temporal and Spatial Scales on the Mid-Atlantic Continental Shelf: Annual Report for the First Budget Period Williams, K. Report Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Reptiles, Marine Mammals, Birds
Reducing offshore pile driving noise: Modification of the hammer impulse Klages, E.; Von Pein, J.; Lippert, S.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Effect of impact pile driving noise on marine mammals: A comparison of different noise exposure criteria Stober, U.; Thomsen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Oil and gas platforms as artificial substrates for epibenthic North Sea fauna: Effects of location and depth Schutter, M.; Dorenbosch, M.; Driessen, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Aggregation at Windmill Artificial Reefs: CPUE of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) and Pouting (Trisopterus luscus) at Different Habitats in the Belgian Part of the North Sea Reubens, J.; Braeckman, U.; Vanaverbeke, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Diversity of Demersal and Megafaunal Assemblages Inhabiting Sandbanks of the Irish Sea Atalah, J.; Fitch, J.; Coughlan, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Fish, Demersal Fish
Effects of Pile-Driving on Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) at the First Offshore Wind Farm in Germany Dähne, M.; Gilles, A.; Lucke, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Mobile Demersal Megafauna at Artificial Structures in the German Bight - Likely Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Development Krone, R.; Gutow, L.; Brey, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Behavioral Responses of a Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) to Playbacks of Broadband Pile Driving Sounds Kastelein, R.; van Heerden, D.; Gransier, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Harbor Seals & Harbor Porpoises-Pile Driving: Detection, Behavioral Response and TTS Kastelein, R. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
An overview of fish bioacoustics and the impacts of anthropogenic sounds on fishes Popper, A.; Hawkins, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Effective Offshore Piling Noise Mitigation in Deep Waters Elmer, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Geological and Geophysical (G&G) Surveys Fact Sheet Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Behavioural responses in a congested sea: an observational study on a coastal nest-guarding fish Mascolino, S.; Mariani, S.; Benvenuto, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
The importance of underwater sounds to gadoid fishes Hawkins, A.; Picciulin, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Summary of pamguard beaked whale click detectors and classifiers used during the 2012 Southern California behavioral response study Keating, J.; Barlow, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals
Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany Brandt, M.; Dragon, A.; Diederichs, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals
Risk of whale encounters with offshore renewable energy mooring lines and electrical cables Copping, A.; Grear, M.; Sanders, G. Presentation Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Entanglement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
RECON: Reef effect structures in the North Sea, islands or connections? Summary Report Coolen, J.; van der Weide, B.; Cuperus, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Predicting the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances on marine populations Nabe-Nielsen, J.; van Beest, F.; Grimm, V.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals
Adaptive surface distortions for torque ripple control in vertical-axis wind turbines Erfort, G.; von Backström, T.; Venter, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Documenting fish response to seismic surveying and establishing a baseline soundscape for reefs in Onslow Bay, North Carolina Paxton, A.; Voss, C.; Peterson, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates
Underwater noise levels of pile-driving in a New Zealand harbour, and the potential impacts on endangered Hector's dolphins Leunissen, E.; Dawson, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Effect of pile-driving sounds on harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) hearing Kastelein, R.; Helder-Hoek, L.; Kommeren, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Swimming Speed of a Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) During Playbacks of Offshore Pile Driving Sounds Kastelein, R.; Van de Voorde, S.; Jennings, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Methodology for modeling and service life monitoring of mooring lines of floating wind turbines Pham, H.; Schoefs, F.; Cartraud, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Validating automated click detector dolphin detection rates and investigating factors affecting performance Garrod, A.; Fandel, A.; Wingfield, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Effect of an Offshore Wind Farm on the Viviparous Eelpout: Biometrics, Brood Development and Population Studies in Lillgrund, Sweden Langhamer, O.; Dahlgren, T.; Rosenqvist, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish
Eco-Hydro-Acoustic Modeling and its Use as an EIA Tool Rossington, K.; Benson, T.; Lepper, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Short-Term Disturbance by a Commercial Two-Dimensional Seismic Survey does Not Lead to Long-Term Displacement of Harbour Porpoises Thompson, P.; Brookes, K.; Graham, I.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The use of seal scarers as a protective mitigation measure can induce hearing impairment in harbour porpoises Schaffeld, T.; Ruser, A.; Woelfing, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans

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