Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 4. Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Fish densities associated with structural elements of oil and gas platforms in southern California Meyer-Gutbrod, E.; Kui, L.; Nishimoto, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Fish
Integrating Social and Ecological Research on the Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in North America ten Brink, T.; Dalton, T.; Livermore, J. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
Noise affects porpoise click detections – the magnitude of the effect depends on logger type and detection filter settings Clausen, K.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals
The Responsible Offshore Development Alliance Research Priorities 2022 Responsible Offshore Development Alliance (RODA) Guidance Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Life Cycle Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Conservation Organizations Comments on June 21, 2021 OSW Workshop Cullum, L.; Hislop, K.; Aylesworth, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Marine Mammals
Effect of Pile-Driving Playback Sound Level on Fish-Catching Efficiency in Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Kastelein, R.; Huijser, L.; Cornelisse, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Effects of noise-mitigated offshore pile driving on harbour porpoise abundance in the German Bight 2014-2016 (Gescha 2) Rose, A.; Brandt, M.; Vilela, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
A modelling evaluation of electromagnetic fields emitted by buried subsea power cables and encountered by marine animals: considerations for marine renewable energy development Hutchison, Z.; Gill, A.; Sigray, P.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF Fish, Invertebrates
Mitigating biodiversity impacts associated with solar and wind energy development: guidelines for project developers Bennun, L.; van Bochove, J.; Ng, C.; et al. Guidance Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities Farr, H.; Ruttenberg, B.; Walter, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Multi-Disciplinary and Multi-Scale Assessment of Marine Renewable Energy Structure in a Tidal System Raoux, A.; Robin, I.; Pezy, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates
Upscaling positive effects of scour protection in offshore wind farms Coolen, J.; Lengkeek, W.; van der Have, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates
Hornsea Project Two Offshore Wind Farm Decommissioning Programme Ørsted Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Lighting Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Does the colonisation of offshore renewable energy farms facilitate the introduction and spread of non-indigenous species? Nexer, M.; Ben Rais Lasram, F.; Bourgougnon, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Marine Mammals Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Southall, B.; Morse, L.; Williams, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals
Measuring responses of harbour seals to potential aversive acoustic mitigation signals using controlled exposure behavioural response studies Gordon, J.; Blight, C.; Bryant, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
How could operational underwater sound from future offshore wind turbines impact marine life? Stober, U.; Thomsen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Environmental impacts of offshore wind installation, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning activities: A case study of Brazil Hernández Carrascal, O.; Shadman, M.; Amiri, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals
Effects of impulsive noise on marine mammals: investigating range‐dependent risk Hastie, G.; Merchant, N.; Götz, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
A roadmap towards quantitative cumulative impact assessments: Every step of the way Piet, G.; Tamis, J.; Volwater, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
An Evaluation of the Potential Impact of Extracting Marine Renewable Energy in the Coastal Environment of the Black Sea Zburlea, L.; Rusu, E. Journal Article Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals
Spatial and temporal analysis of cumulative environmental effects of offshore wind farms in the North Sea basin Gusatu, L.; Menegon, S.; Depellegrin, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Biology and Video Surveys of North Hoyle Wind Turbines 11th-13th August 2004 Bunker, F. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Fish
Harbour porpoise responses to pile-driving diminish over time Graham, I.; Merchant, N.; Farcas, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Reducing offshore pile driving noise: Modification of the hammer impulse Klages, E.; Von Pein, J.; Lippert, S.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Effect of impact pile driving noise on marine mammals: A comparison of different noise exposure criteria Stober, U.; Thomsen, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Development of the Fouling Community on Turbine Foundations and Scour Protections in Nysted Offshore Wind Farm Birklund, J.; Petersen, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector WWF France Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Oil and gas platforms as artificial substrates for epibenthic North Sea fauna: Effects of location and depth Schutter, M.; Dorenbosch, M.; Driessen, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates
An overview of fish bioacoustics and the impacts of anthropogenic sounds on fishes Popper, A.; Hawkins, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
A critical review on environmental impacts of renewable energy systems and mitigation strategies: Wind, hydro, biomass and geothermal Sayad, E. ; Wilberforce, T.; Elsaid, K.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, OTEC, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Potential effects of underwater noise from wind turbines on the marbled rockfish (Sebasticus marmoratus) Zhang, X.; Guo, H.; Chen, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Characterisation of the Potential Impacts of Subsea Power Cables Associated with Offshore Renewable Energy Projects Taormina, B.; Quillienn, N.; Lejart, M.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates
Benthic Monitoring During Wind Turbine Installation and Operation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island – Year 2 Bartley, M.; English, P.; King, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Physical Environment
Moray East Pre-Construction Survey Campaign Summary Report Moray Offshore Wind Farm (East) Limited Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport
Behavioural responses in a congested sea: an observational study on a coastal nest-guarding fish Mascolino, S.; Mariani, S.; Benvenuto, C. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
The importance of underwater sounds to gadoid fishes Hawkins, A.; Picciulin, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish
Atlantic deepwater ecosystem observatory network: Patterns of acoustic backscatter and community structure of the U.S. Outer Continental Shelf Miksis-Olds, J.; Warren, J.; Blair, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Displacement, Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Evaluation of the Coastal Acoustic Buoy for offshore wind for real time mitigation of North Atlantic right whales Palmer, K. ; Turner, J.; Tabbutt, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Design, production, and validation of the biological and structural performance of an ecologically engineered concrete block mattress: A Nature-Inclusive Design for shoreline and offshore construction Sella, I.; Hadary, T.; Rella, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Pile Driving Noise Reduction Approaches Wochner, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
The Design, Production and Validation of the Biological and Structural Performance of an Ecologically Engineered Concrete Block Mattress – A Nature Inclusive Design for Shoreline and Offshore construction Sella, I.; Hadary, T.; Rella, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment
Offshore wind farms and the attraction-production hypothesis: insights from a combination of stomach content and stable isotope analyses Mavraki, N.; Degraer, S.; Vanaverbeke, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish
Broad-Scale Responses of Harbor Porpoises to Pile-Driving and Vessel Activities During Offshore Windfarm Construction Benhemma-Le Gall, A.; Graham, I.; Merchant, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions
EXPRESS: Expanding Pacific Research and Exploration of Submerged Systems Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center Website Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Hydrodynamic Modeling, Particle Tracking and Agent-Based Modeling of Larvae in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight Johnson, T.; van Berkel, J.; Mortensen, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Masking release at 4 kHz in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) associated with sinusoidal amplitude-modulated masking noise Kastelein, R.; Helder-Hoek, L.; Covi, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans

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