Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Effects of the Construction of Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm on the Prey Base of Little Tern Sternula albifons at its Most Important UK Colony Perrow, M., Gilroy, J., Skeate, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish
Information Needs to Support Environmental Impact Assessments of the Effects of European Marine Offshore Wind Farms on Birds Fox, A., Desholm, M., Kahlert, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Scaling Possible Adverse Effects of Marine Wind Farms on Seabirds: Developing and Applying a Vulnerability Index Garthe, S., Hüppop, O. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Radio Telemetry as a Tool for Impact Assessment of Wind Farms: The Case of Little Terns Sterna albifrons at Scroby Sands, Norfolk, UK Perrow, M., Skeate, E., Lines, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Seabird Aggregative Patterns: A New Tool for Offshore Wind Energy Risk Assessment Christel, I., Certain, G., Cama, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Possible Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on Seabirds: A Pilot Study in Northern Gannets in the Southern North Sea Garthe, S., Markones, N., Corman, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Seabirds and Offshore Wind Farms in European Waters: Avoidance and Attraction Dierschke, V., Furness, R., Garthe, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model Warwick-Evans, V., Atkinson, P., Walkington, I. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
A Markov Model for Planning and Permitting Offshore Wind Energy: A Case Study of Radio-Tracked Terns in the Gulf of Maine, USA Cranmer, A., Smetzer, J., Welch, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Responses of Two Marine Top Predators to an Offshore Wind Farm Mclean, N., Grellier, K., Vallejo, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Birds
Towards a Framework for Quantifying the Population-Level Consequences of Anthropogenic Pressures on the Environment: The Case of Seabirds and Windfarms Cook, A., Robinson, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Statistical guidelines for assessing marine avian hotspots and coldspots: A case study on wind energy development in the U.S. Atlantic Ocean Zipkin, E., Kinlan, B., Sussman, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C., Ross-Smith, V., Bouten, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Seabird Flight Behavior and Height in Response to Altered Wind Strength and Direction Ainley, D., Porzig, E., Zajanc, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Underwater Visual Records of Marine Megafauna Around Offshore Anthropogenic Structures Todd, V., Lazar, L., Williamson, L. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles
Assessing the Cumulative Adverse Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Seabird Foraging Guilds Along the East Coast of the United States Goodale, M., Milman, A., Griffin, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Minimizing wildlife impacts for offshore wind energy development: Winning tradeoffs for seabirds in space and cetaceans in time Best, B., Halpin, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Lack of Sound Science in Assessing Wind Farm Impacts on Seabirds Green, R., Langston, R., McCluskie, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Assessing Cumulative Exposure of Northern Gannets to Offshore Wind Farms Goodale, M., Milman, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
High-resolution sea duck distribution modeling: Relating aerial and ship survey data to food resources, anthropogenic pressures, and topographic variables Heinänen, S., Zydelis, R., Dorsch,M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea Welcker, J., Nehls, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Breeding density, fine-scale tracking, and large-scale modeling reveal the regional distribution of four seabird species Wakefield, E., Owen, E., Baer, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Density dependence and marine bird populations: are wind farm assessments precautionary? Horswill, C., O'Brien, S., Robinson, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Predicting the offshore distribution and abundance of marine birds with a hierarchical community distance sampling model Goyert, H., Gardner, B., Sollmann, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Seabirds, Birds
Resource selection and wintering phenology of White-winged Scoters in southern New England: Implications for offshore wind energy development Meattey, D., McWilliams, S., Paton, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Nocturnal flight activity of northern gannets Morus bassanus and implications for modelling collision risk at offshore wind farms Furness, R., Garthe, S., Trinder, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Key Seabird Areas in Southern New England Identified Using a Community Occupancy Model Flanders, N., Gardner, B., Winiarski, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Tracking seabirds to identify ecologically important and high risk marine areas in the western North Atlantic Montevecchi, W., Hedd, A., Tranquilla, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Identifying ecologically important marine areas for seabirds using behavioural information in combination with distribution patterns Camphuysen, K., Shamoun-Baranes, J., Bouten, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Seabirds, Birds
Seabirds as samplers of the marine environment - a case study of northern gannets Garthe, S., Peschko, V., Kubetzki, U. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Vulnerability of northern gannets to offshore wind farms; seasonal and sex-specific collision risk and demographic consequences Lane, J., Jeavons, R., Deakin, Z. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Individual Consistency in the Foraging Behaviour of Northern Gannets: Implications for Interactions with Offshore Renewable Energy Developments Soanes, L., Atkinson, P., Gauvain, R. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Visual Tracking From a Rigid-Hulled Inflatable Boat to Determine Foraging Movements of Breeding Terns Perrow, M., Gilroy, J., Skeate, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Observations of Seabirds at Offshore Wind Turbines near Blyth in Northeast England Rothery, P., Newton, I., Little, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Assessment of Wind‐Farm and Other Bird Casualties from Carcasses Found on a Northumbrian Beach Over an 11‐Year Period Newton, I., Little, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Bird Casualties Caused by a Wind Energy Project in an Estuary Musters, C., Noordervliet, M., terKeurs, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision Waterfowl, Shorebirds, Seabirds, Birds
The Development and Use of a Method to Fill Time Gaps in Migration Counts Mateos-Rodriguez, M., Thomas, L., Arroyo, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Effects on Birds and Needs to Plan their Future Development in Spain Mateos-Rodriguez, M., Muñoz, A., Arroyo, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Assessing Seabird Displacement at Offshore Wind Farms: Power Ranges of a Monitoring and Data Handling Protocol Vanermen, N., Onkelinx, T., Verschelde, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Towards a Cumulative Collision Risk Assessment of Local and Migrating Birds in North Sea Offshore Wind Farms Brabant, R., Vanermen, N., Steinen, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
Bird Movements at Rotor Heights Measured Continuously with Vertical Radar at a Dutch Offshore Wind Farm Fijn, R., Krijgsveld, K., Poot, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
Assessing the exposure of three diving bird species to offshore wind areas on the U.S. Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf using satellite telemetry Stenhouse, I., Berlin, A., Gilbert, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Great Skua (Stercorarius skua) Movements at Sea in Relation to Marine Renewable Energy Developments Wade, H., Masden, E., Jackson, A. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Barriers to Movement: Modelling Energetic Costs of Avoiding Marine Wind Farms Amongst Breeding Seabirds Masden, E., Haydon, D., Fox, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Avoidance Birds, Seabirds
Birds and Offshore Wind Farms: A Hot Topic in Marine Ecology Exo, K., Hüppop, O., Garthe, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds
Risk Evaluation for Federally Listed (Roseate Tern, Piping Plover) or Candidate (Red Knot) Bird Species in Offshore Waters: A First Step for Managing the Potential Impacts of Wind Facility Development on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Burger, J., Gordon, C., Lawrence, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Shorebirds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Birds
Use of an optical rangefinder to assess the reliability of seabird flight heights from boat‐based surveyors: implications for collision risk at offshore wind farms Harwood, A., Perrow, M., Berridge, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
“Seas of risk”: Assessing the threats to colonial-nesting seabirds in Eastern Canada Lieske, D., Tranquilla, L., Ronconi, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds
Future Directions in Conservation Research on Petrels and Shearwaters Rodríguez, A., Arcos, J., Bretagnolle, V. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
Modelling flight heights of Lesser Black-backed Gulls and Great Skuas from GPS: a Bayesian approach Ross-Smith, V., Thaxter, C., Masden, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Offshore Wind Birds, Seabirds

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