The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date Sort ascending | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Making eco-sustainable floating offshore wind farms: Siting, mitigations, and compensations | Danovaro, R.; Bianchelli, S.; Brambilla, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Drivers of flight altitude during nocturnal bird migration over the North Sea and implications for offshore wind energy | Bradaric, M.; Kranstauber, B.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Displacement | Birds | |
Spatial Trade-Offs in National Land-Based Wind Power Production in Times of Biodiversity and Climate Crises | Grimsrud, K.; Hagem, C.; Haaskjold, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Human Dimensions | |
Using Available Data and Information to Identify Offshore Wind Energy Areas Off the California Coast [2024] | Rockwood, R.; Salas, L.; Howar, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
A numerical study on the effect of asymmetry on underwater noise emission in offshore monopile installation | Molenkamp, T.; Tsouvalas, A.; Metrikine, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
What level of monitoring is enough to detect displacement effects of offshore wind farms? | Hall, R.; Black, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Displacement | Seabirds | |
Using remote-sensing data to study the rapid growth of wind farms and their impact on bird habitat in Yellow Sea Wetland, China | Zheng, Y.; Wu, J.; Sheviakina, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Wind Farms and Power Lines Reduced the Territory Status and Probability of Fledgling Production in the Eurasian Goshawk Accipiter gentilis | Husby, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Noise | Birds, Raptors | |
Forest landscape shield models for assessing audio-visual disturbances of wind turbines | Selkmaki, M.; Riippi, J.; Rana, P.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | ||
A synthesis of socioeconomic and sociocultural indicators for assessing the impacts of offshore renewable energy on fishery participants and fishing communities | Willis-Norton, E.; Mangin, T.; Schroeder, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement | Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | |
Anthropogenic underwater noise: A review on physiological and molecular responses of marine biota | El-Dairi, R.; Outinen, O.; Kankaanpää, H. | Journal Article | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | ||
Underwater noise from vibratory pile driving with non-linear frictional pile–soil interaction | Molenkamp, T.; Tsetas, A.; Tsouvalas, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Behavioural responses of Sandwich terns following the construction of offshore wind farms | Thaxter, C.; Green, R.; Collier, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds | |
An Eulerian perspective on habitat models of striped bass occurrence in an offshore wind development area | Rothermel, E.; O'Brien, M.; Best, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement | Fish, Pelagic Fish | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Progressive Insights in Changing Species Distribution Patterns Informing Marine Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Long-term impacts of the Smøla wind farm on a local population of white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) | Stokke, B.; Dahl, E.; Kleven, O.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Forest bat activity declines with increasing wind speed in proximity of operating wind turbines | Ellerbrok, J.; Farwig, N.; Peter, F.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Bats | |
Experimental study on the effect of sound stimulation on hearing and behavior of juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) | Wang, Y.; Huang, L.; Xing, B. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish | |
How far are birds, bats, and terrestrial mammals displaced from onshore wind power development? – A systematic review | Tolvanen, A.; Routavaara, H.; Jokikokko, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Displacement | Bats, Birds, Terrestrial Mammals | |
Wind farms and Griffon Vultures: Evidence that under certain conditions history is not-always turbulent | Farfan, M.; Díaz-Ruiz, F.; Duarte, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors | |
Impact of geophysical and geotechnical site investigation surveys on fish and shellfish | Duffy, O.; Chumbinho, R.; Coca, I.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Vessel noise prior to pile driving at offshore windfarm sites deters harbour porpoises from potential injury zones | Gall, A.; Thompson, P.; Merchant, N.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Avoidance, Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Energy Conversion Factors in Underwater Radiated Sound from Marine Piling: Review of the method and recommendations | Wood, M.; Ainslie, M.; Burns, R. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Short-term habituation of the longfin squid (Doryteuthis pealeii) to pile driving sound | Jézéquel, Y.; Jandial, P.; Cones, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Invertebrates | |
Vibration Mechanism and Noise Characterization of Offshore Wind Turbines | Yang, C.; Li, R.; Lu, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Acoustic ecology of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) between two U.S. offshore wind energy areas | Holdman, A.; Tregenza, N.; Van Parijs, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Reducing uncertainty in underwater noise assessments for offshore wind (ReCon) | Carbon Trust | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Joint monitoring programme of ambient noise North Sea (Jomopans): Opinion paper on continuous noise pollution | Kinneging, N. | Journal Article | Noise | |||
Establishing baselines for predicting change in ambient sound metrics, marine mammal, and vessel occurrence within a US offshore wind energy area | Van Parijs, S.; DeAngelis, A.; Aldrich, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Effects of wind turbine noise on songbird behavior during nonbreeding season | Lehnardt, Y.; Barber, J.; Berger-Tal, O. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Birds, Passerines | |
Is Maritime Spatial Planning a tool to mitigate the impacts of underwater noise? A review of adopted and upcoming maritime spatial plans in Europe | Bosi, S.; Ramieri, E.; Picciulin, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Noise | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Megafauna Aerial Surveys in the Wind Energy Areas of Southern New England with Emphasis on Large Whales: Final Report Campaign 7, 2022 | O'Brien, O.; McKenna, K.; Hsu, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Displacement | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Towards assessing the impact of anthropogenic sound on fishes: Gaps, perspectives, and a case study of a large floating bridge | Zang, X.; Carlson, T.; Martinez, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Marine Energy, Tidal | Noise | Fish | |
U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Noise Reduction Questionnaire Results and Recommendations | Farr, H.; Ryan, K. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | ||
Nationwide Recommendations for Impact Pile Driving Sound Exposure Modeling and Sound Field Measurement for Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plans | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Relation Between Underwater Noise and Operating Offshore Wind Turbines | Holme, C.; Simurda, M.; Gerlach, S.; et al. | Conference Paper | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Longfin squid reproductive behaviours and spawning withstand wind farm pile driving noise | Jones, I.; Schumm, M.; Stanley, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Invertebrates | |
Accelerating Offshore Wind – The Role of Innovative Technology in Decision Making and Faster Consenting | ORE Catapult | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Noise | Human Dimensions | |
Bat and Bird Data Analysis and Results Summary: Progress Report #5 | Normandeau Associates Inc | Report | Wind Energy | Noise | Bats, Birds | |
Offshore Wind Energy Development and North Atlantic Right Whales | Silber, G.; Dangerfield, A.; Smith, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Physiological condition of the warty venus (Venus verrucosa L. 1758) larvae modulates response to pile driving and drilling underwater sounds | Gigot, M; Tremblay, R.; Bonnel, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Noise | Invertebrates | ||
Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: Challenge and Future Options to Address Anthropogenic Underwater Noise | Maruf, M. | Journal Article | Noise | |||
Spatial Impact of Wind Farm Construction on Harbor Porpoise Detectability | van Geel, N.; Benjamins, S.; Marmo, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Wind farm noise and anuran diversity patterns: a case study in Brazilian seasonal dry tropical forest | de Oliveira, R.; Lira, A.; Zaffaroni-Caorsid, V.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | ||
Hearing Impact on Marine Mammals Due to Underwater Sound from Future Wind Farms | Thomsen, F.; Stober, U.; Sarnocinska-Kot, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Evaluating the Benefits of Noise Reduction Mitigation: The ECHO Program | Malinka, C.; Tollit, D.; Trounce, K.; et al. | Book Chapter | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Noise Reduction Associated with Installation of Fixed-Bottom Foundations: Workshop Report | Green, R.; Farr, H.; Ryan, K.; et al. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Effects of land-based wind turbine upsizing on community sound levels and power and energy density | Hoen, B.; Darlow, R.; Haac, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Human Dimensions | |
Characterisation of underwater operational noise of two types of floating offshore wind turbines | Risch, D.; Favill, G.; Marmo, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan for Commercial Lease OCS | Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind, LLC | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds, Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts |
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