The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor Sort descending | Receptor |
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Supporting National Environmental Policy Act Documentation for Offshore Wind Energy Development Related to Avian Species Research | Fernandez, K.; Middleton, P.; Salerno, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | |
FARMLAND BIRDS ACROSS THE WORLD | van der Weijden, W.; Terwan, P.; Guldemond, A. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds | |
Evidence that Bats Perceive Wind Turbine Surfaces to be Water | McAlexander, A. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Attraction | Bats | |
Prioritizing Avian Species for Their Risk of Population Level Consequences from Wind Energy Development | Beston, J.; Diffendorfer, J.; Loss, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Environmental Sensitivity and Associated Risk to Habitats and Species Offshore Central California and Hawaii from Offshore Floating Wind Technologies | Morandi, A.; Berkman, S.; Rowe, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Reducing Bat Fatalities From Interactions with Operating Wind Turbines (Fact Sheet) | Lawson, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats | |
Bayesian State-Space Modeling Framework for Understanding and Predicting Golden Eagle Movements Using Telemetry Data | Sandhu, R.; Tripp, C.; Brandes, D.; et al. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Songbird Behavior and Conservation in the Anthropocene | Proppe, D. | Book | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Adaptive management to improve eagle conservation at terrestrial wind facilities | New, L.; Simonis, J.; Otto, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Environmental risk evaluation system—an approach to ranking risk of ocean energy development on coastal and estuarine environments | Copping, A.; Hanna, L.; Van Cleve, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
Battered by harsh winds - must bats pay the price for wind energy? | Tuttle, M. | Magazine Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Attraction | Bats | |
Biglow Canyon Wind Farm: Wildlife Monitoring and Mitigation Plan | Portland General Electric Company; Oregon Department of Energy | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Raptors | |
Patterns of Pre-Construction Bat Activity Determined Using Acoustic Monitoring at a Proposed Wind Facility in South-Central Wisconsin | Redell, D.; Arnett, E.; Hayes, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats | |
Development of a Comprehensive Conservation Strategy for the North Shore Region of Minnesota in the Context of Future Wind Power Development | Peterson, A.; Niemi, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Passerines, Raptors | |
Bat Interactions With Wind Turbines at the Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota Wind Resource Area: An Assessment of Bat Activity, Species Composition, and Collision Mortality | Johnson, G.; Perlik, M.; Erickson, W.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Bats | |
Guidelines for Conducting Bird and Bat Studies at Commercial Wind Energy Projects | New York State Department of Environmental Conservation | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Avian/Wind Turbine Interactions: A Short Summary of Research Results and Remaining Questions | National Wind Coordinating Collaborative | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Final Site-Wide Environmental Assessment Department of Energy's National Wind Technology Center Golden, Colorado at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory | National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
2012 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Criterion Wind Project Garrett County, Maryland | Young, D.; Nations, C.; Lout, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Birds, Bats | |
On-Shore Bird and Bat Pre- and Post-Construction Monitoring Protocol for Commercial Wind Energy Facilities in Ohio: An Addendum to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Voluntary Cooperative Agreement | Ohio Department of Natural Resources | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Bird Risk Behaviors and Fatalities at the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area: Period of Performance: March 1998 - December 2000 | Thelander, C.; Smallwood, K.; Rugge, L. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Raptors, Birds | |
Avian, bat and habitat cumulative impacts associated with wind energy development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion of Eastern Washington and Oregon | Johnson, G.; Erickson, W. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Birds, Bats and Coastal Wind Farm Development in Maine: A Literature Review | Goodale, W.; Divoll, T. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Curtailing Wind Turbine Operations to Reduce Avian Mortality | Singh, K.; Baker, E.; Lackner, M. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Avoidance | Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds | |
Map-Based Repowering and Reorganization of a Wind Resource Area to Minimize Burrowing Owl and Other Bird Fatalities | Smallwood, K.; Neher, L.; Bell, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors | |
Patterns of Pre-Construction Bat Activity at a Proposed Wind Facility in South-Central Pennsylvania | Arnett, E.; Hayes, J.; Huso, M. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats | |
Status of wind in Pennsylvania: Social and environmental impacts of wind | Barton, M.; Levri, E. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Collision, Habitat Change | ||
Response of Raptors to a Windfarm | Garvin, J.; Jennelle, C.; Drake, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Birds | |
Bat Mortality and Activity at a Northern Iowa Wind Resource Area | Jain, A.; Koford, R.; Hancock, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Bats | |
Optimizing Wind Power Generation while Minimizing Wildlife Impacts in an Urban Area | Bohrer, G.; Zhu, K.; Jones, R.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds | |
Using Available Data and Information to Identify Offshore Wind Energy Areas Off the California Coast [2024] | Rockwood, R.; Salas, L.; Howar, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Vineyard Wind 1 Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
A Habitat-Based Wind-Wildlife Collision Model with Application to the Upper Great Plains Region | Forcey, G. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Collision, Avoidance, Attraction | Birds, Bats | |
Block Island Wind Farm Lobster Ventless Trap Survey | Griffin, M.; Carey, D. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Invertebrates | |
Offshore wind project-level monitoring in the Northeast U.S. continental shelf ecosystem: evaluating the potential to mitigate impacts to long-term scientific surveys | Methratta, E.; Lipsky, A.; Boucher, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change | Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
South Fork Wind Farm Construction and Operations Plan | Ørsted; Eversource | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Could federal wind farms influence continental shelf oceanography and alter associated ecological processes? A literature review. | Miles, T.; Murphy, S.; Kohut, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment | |
Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Construction of the Block Island Wind Farm | National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Marine Mammals, Physical Environment | |
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects | California State Lands Commission | Report | Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts | |
Ocean Wind 1 Construction and Operations Plan | Ocean Wind 1 | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions | |
DRAFT Ocean Wind 1 Offshore Wind Farm Biological Assessment | BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles | |
Comparison of Avian Responses to UV-Light-Reflective Paint on Wind Turbines | Young, D.; Erickson, W.; Strickland, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Lighting, Collision, Avoidance | Raptors, Birds | |
The Effects of Wind Turbines on Antipredator Behavior in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) | Rabin, L.; Coss, R.; Owings, D. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind | Noise, Collision, Avoidance | Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds | |
Predictive mapping of seabirds, pinnipeds and cetaceans off the Pacific Coast of Washington | Menza, C.; Leirness, J.; White, T.; et al. | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Physical Environment | |
The Design, Production and Validation of the Biological and Structural Performance of an Ecologically Engineered Concrete Block Mattress – A Nature Inclusive Design for Shoreline and Offshore construction | Sella, I.; Hadary, T.; Rella, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
An Analysis of the Efficacy of Four Artificial Reef Designs in Tropical Waters | Brock, R.; Norris, J. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates | |
Effect of habitat and foraging height on bat activity in the coastal plain of South Carolina | Menzel, J.; Menzel, M.; Kilgo, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy | Habitat Change | Bats | |
South Fork Wind Farm Atlantic Cod Spawning Survey | Gervelis, B.; Carey, D. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish | |
Effects Matrix for Evaluating Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy Development on U.S. Atlantic Coastal Habitats | Latham, P.; Fiore, W.; Bauman, M.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions | |
Development of a Video Trawl Survey System for New England Groundfish | DeCelles, G.; Keiley, E.; Lowery, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Demersal Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Visual Impacts |
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