The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.
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Title | Author | Date | Content Type | Technology | Stressor | Receptor |
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Stakeholder Workshop: Scientific Research Framework to Understand the Effects of Offshore Wind Energy Development on Birds and Bats in the Eastern United States | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
The State of the Science on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy Development: Workshop Proceedings | Gulka, J.; Williams, K. | Workshop Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles | |
When speed matters: The importance of flight speed in an avian collision risk model | Masden, E.; Cook, A.; McCluskie, A.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds | |
The use of seal scarers as a protective mitigation measure can induce hearing impairment in harbour porpoises | Schaffeld, T.; Ruser, A.; Woelfing, B.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Marine Mammals Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts | Southall, B.; Morse, L.; Williams, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Bird Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts | Cook, A.; Williams, K.; Jenkins, E.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds | |
State of the Science Workshop on Offshore Wind and Wildlife 2020: Cumulative Impacts | New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles | |
Impacts of Offshore Wind Energy on Seafood Sectors: A Macroeconomic Perspective of the Energy-Food Nexus | Qu, Y. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data | |
Working Group on Marine Benthal and Renewable Energy Developments (WGMBRED) | ICES Working Group on Marine Renewable Energy (WGMRE) | Report | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
Risk Assessment to Model Encounter Rates between Large Whales and Sea Turtles and Vessel Traffic from Offshore Wind Energy on the Atlantic OCS | Barkaszi, M.; Fonseca, M.; Foster, T.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
Assessing movements of birds using digitally-coded VHF transmitters: A validation study | Paton, P.; Cooper-Mullin, C.; Kouhi, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement | Birds | |
Characterization and Potential Impacts of Noise Producing Construction and Operation Activities on the Outer Continental Shelf: Data Synthesis | Martin, B.; Zeddies, D.; MacDonnell, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
Baseline Bioacoustic Characterization for Offshore Renewable Energy Development in the North Carolina and Georgia Wind Planning Areas | Rice, A.; Morano, J.; Hodge, K.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Underestimated Scale of Songbird Offshore Migration Across the South-Eastern North Sea during Autumn | Brust, V.; Hüppop, O. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Passerines | |
Unravelling the ecological impacts of large-scale offshore wind farms in the Mediterranean Sea | Lloret, J.; Turiel, A.; Solé, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals | |
Landscape Decisions to Meet Net Zero Carbon: Pathways that consider ethics, socio-ecological diversity, and landscape functions. Landscape Decisions Report | Cole, B.; Gardner, E.; Willcock, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds | |
Recommended metrics for quantifying underwater noise impacts on North Atlantic right whales | Marotte, E.; Wright, A.; Breeze, H.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Monitoring and Mitigation Alternatives for Protection of North Atlantic Right Whales during Offshore Wind Farm Installation | Carlson, T.; Halvorsen, M.; Matzner, S.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation | |
RECON: Reef effect structures in the North Sea, islands or connections? Summary Report | Coolen, J.; van der Weide, B.; Cuperus, J.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
ROSA Offshore Wind Project Monitoring Framework and Guidelines | ROSA | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Hydrodynamic Modeling, Particle Tracking and Agent-Based Modeling of Larvae in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight | Johnson, T.; van Berkel, J.; Mortensen, L.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Benthic and Epifaunal Monitoring During Wind Turbine Installation and Operation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island - Project Report | Hutchison, Z.; Bartley, M.; English, P.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Marine Scotland Review of Approaches and Costs of Decommissioning Offshore Wind Installations Public Report | Marine Scotland Science | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
The Responsible Offshore Development Alliance Research Priorities 2022 | Responsible Offshore Development Alliance (RODA) | Guidance | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Nature-Inclusive Design: A Catalogue for Offshore Wind Infrastructure | Hermans, A.; Bos, O.; Prusina, I. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Empirical Evidence Inspiring Priority Monitoring, Research and Management | Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment | |
Weakly Supervised Detection of Marine Animals in High Resolution Aerial Images | Berg, P.; Maia, D.; Pham, M.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
Application of Monte Carlo and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Processes for ranking floating wind farm locations | Díaz, H.; Teixeira, A.; Soares, C. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | Changes in Flow, Habitat Change | Birds, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Recreation & Tourism | |
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Marine Spatial Planning and Marine Renewables: Linking Concepts for Implementation. A Case Study from Scotland | MacDonald, A. | Thesis | Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind | EMF, Habitat Change, Noise | Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Offshore wind turbine operations and maintenance: A state-of-the-art review | Ren, Z.; Verma, A.; Li, Y.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Effects of offshore windfarms on seabird abundance: Strong effects in spring and in the breeding season | Peschko, V.; Mendel, B.; Müller, S.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Dodging the blades: new insights into threedimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus | Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds | |
Estimating flight heights of seabirds using optical rangefinders and GPS data loggers: a methodological comparison | Borkenhagen, K.; Corman, A.; Garthe, S. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds | |
Synthesizing expert opinion to assess the at-sea risks to seabirds in the western North Atlantic | Lieske, D.; Tranquilla, L.; Ronconi, R. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment | |
Studying cetacean behaviour: new technological approaches and conservation applications | Nowacek, D.; Christiansen, F.; Bejder, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals | |
Field Observations During Wind Turbine Foundation Installation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island Appendix D: Underwater Sound Monitoring Reports | Amaral, J.; Beard, R.; Barham, R.; et al. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan: Fish and Fisheries Study | Ecology and Environment, Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change, Noise | Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries | |
New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan: Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles Study | Ecology and Environment, Inc. | Report | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions | |
Monitoring ship noise to assess the impact of coastal developments on marine mammals | Merchant, N.; Pirotta, E.; Barton, T.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Behavioral Responses of a Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) to Sounds from an Acoustic Porpoise Deterrent | Kastelein, R.; Huybrechts, J.; Covi, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Endangered Atlantic Sturgeon in the New York Wind Energy Area: implications of future development in an offshore wind energy site | Ingram, E.; Cerrato, R.; Dunton, K.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Demersal Fish | |
Measurement and characterisation of radiated underwater sound from a 3.6 MW monopile wind turbine | Pangerc, T.; Theobald, P.; Wang, L.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds | |
Ecological Risk Assessment of Underwater Sounds from Dredging Operations | McQueen, A.; Suedel, B.; de Jong, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals | |
An interim framework for assessing the population consequences of disturbance | King, S.; Schick, R.; Donovan, C.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
North Atlantic right whale occurrence near wind energy areas along the mid-Atlantic US coast: implications for management | Hodge, K.; Muirhead, C.; Morano, J.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Response of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena L., 1758) to the FaunaGuard and subsequent piling during the construction of offshore wind farms | Voß, J. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Characterization of Impact Pile Driving Signals and Fin Whale Vocalizations at the Block Island Wind Farm Site | Amaral, J. | Thesis | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans | |
Seismic survey noise disrupted fish use of a temperate reef | Paxton, A.; Taylor, C.; Nowacek, D.; et al. | Journal Article | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning | |
Cumulative Noise Impacts Upon Fishes (and Turtles) from Offshore Wind Farm Construction and Operation | Popper, A.; Hawkins, A. | Presentation | Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind | Noise | Fish, Marine Mammals |
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