Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Information Needs to Support Environmental Impact Assessments of the Effects of European Marine Offshore Wind Farms on Birds Fox, A.; Desholm, M.; Kahlert, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 3. Offshore: Potential Effects Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Wildlife and Wind Farms - Conflicts and Solutions, Volume 4. Offshore: Monitoring and Mitigation Perrow, M. Book Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Noise Bats, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Does the Wind Power Industry Threaten Marbled Murrelets or Do Marbled Murrelets Threaten the Wind Power Industry? Cooper, J.; Beauchesne, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals [Presentation] Miller, J.; Potty, G.; Raposa, K.; et al. Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Waterfowl, Seabirds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
Effects of the Construction of Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm on the Prey Base of Little Tern Sternula albifons at its Most Important UK Colony Perrow, M.; Gilroy, J.; Skeate, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish
Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Noise on Marine Mammals and Fish Tomsen, F.; Lüdemann, K.; Kafemann, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Fish
Framework for Assessing Impacts of Pile-Driving Noise from Offshore Wind Farm Construction on a Harbour Seal Population Thomson, P.; Hastie, G.; Nedwell, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Final Results of Bird Studies at the Offshore Wind Farms at Nysted and Horns Rev, Denmark Petersen, I.; Christensen, T.; Kahlert, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Using a Collision Risk Model to Assess Bird Collision Risks for Offshore Wind Farms Band, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Environmental Assessment of Offshore Wind Power Generation near Rhode Island: Acoustic and Electromagnetic Effects on Marine Animals Miller, J.; Potty, G.; Raposa, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
Measurement of Wind Turbine Construction Noise at Horns Rev II Betke, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Effects of Offshore Pile Driving on Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Brandt, M.; Diederichs, A.; Betke, K.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
The Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammals Boyd, I.; Brownell, B.; Cato, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Ocean Noise: Turn it down - A report on ocean noise pollution McKenna, C.; International Fund for Animal Welfare Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Review of Environmental Data Associated with Post-Consent Monitoring of Licence Conditions of Offshore Wind Farms Marine Management Organisation (MMO) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Bird Monitoring at Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea - Assessing Seabird Displacement Effects Vanermen, N.; Stienen, E.; Courtens, W.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Behavioral Reactions of Harbor Porpoise to Pile-Driving Noise Tougaard, J.; Kyhn, L.; Amundin, M.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Mapping Seabird Sensitivity to Offshore Wind Farms Bradbury, G.; Trinder, M.; Furness, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Habitat Preferences of Harbour Seals in the Dutch Coastal Area: Analysis and Estimate of Effects of Offshore Wind Farms Brasseur, S.; Aarts, G.; Meesters, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
A Review of Flight Heights and Avoidance Rates of Birds in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms Cook, A.; Johnson, A.; Wright, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Mitigating Wind-Turbine Induced Avian Mortality: Sensory, Aerodynamic and Cognitive Constraints and Options May, R.; Reitan, O.; Bevanger, K.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Contextualizing Avian Mortality: A Preliminary Appraisal of Bird and Bat Fatalities from Wind, Fossil-Fuel, and Nuclear Electricity Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Assessment of Wind‐Farm and Other Bird Casualties from Carcasses Found on a Northumbrian Beach Over an 11‐Year Period Newton, I.; Little, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Assessing the Underwater Acoustics of the World's Largest Vibration Hammer (OCTA-KONG) and Its Potential Effects on the Indo-Pacific Humpbacked Dolphin (Sousa chinensis) Wang, Z.; Wu, Y.; Duan, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Understanding Bird Collisions at Wind Farms: An Updated Review on the Causes and Possible Mitigation Strategies Marques, A.; Batalha, H.; Rodrigues, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Seabirds & Offshore Wind Farms Monitoring Results 2011 Vanermen, N.; Stienen, E.; Onkelinx, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Assessing Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms: Lessons Learned and Recommendations for the Future Bailey, H.; Brookes, K.; Thompson, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Lake Michigan Offshore Wind Feasibility Assessment Boezaart, A.; Edmonson, J.; Standridge, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Design and Initial Component Tests of an Integrated Avian and Bat Collision Detection System for Offshore Wind Turbines Flowers, J.; Albertani, R.; Harrison, T.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Towards a Numerical Model to Simulate the Observed Displacement of Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena Due to Pile Driving in Belgian Waters Haelters, J.; Duliere, V.; Vigin, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Displacement Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Responses of Harbour Porpoises to Pile Driving on a Temporal and Spatial Scale Braasch, A.; Joost, M.; Ketzer, C. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Study and Application of Underwater Noise Impact in Coastal Region off Western Taiwan Cheng, Y.; Lin, S.; Chang, Y.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Proceedings of the Wind-Wildlife Research Meeting IX PNWWRM IX Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Proceedings of the Wind Wildlife Research Meeting VII Schwartz, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Proceedings of the NWCC Wildlife Workgroup Research Planning Meeting VI Schwartz, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects HT Harvey and Associates Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals
Impact Assessment of an Off-shore Wind Park on Sea Ducks Guillemette, M.; Larsen, J.; Clausager, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change Waterfowl, Birds
Horns Rev 2 Offshore Wind Farm Bird Monitoring Program 2010-2012 Skov, H.; Leonhard, S.; Heinänen, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Harbour Porpoises on Horns Reef Effects of the Horns Reef Wind Farm Jakob, T.; Carstensen, J.; Wisz, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Is There a Conflict Between Cetacean Conservation and Marine Renewable-Energy Developments? Brown, V.; Simmonds, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Investigations of the Bird Collision Risk and the Responses of Harbour Porpoises in the Offshore Wind Farms Horns Rev, North Sea, and Nysted, Baltic Sea, in Denmark - Part I: Birds Blew, J.; Hoffmann, M.; Nehls, G.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy: Birds and Bats Island Institute Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds, Bats
Influence of Behavior on Bird Mortality in Wind Energy Developments Smallwood, K.; Rugge, L.; Morrison, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl
Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm 2010 Construction Environmental Monitoring Report Saunders, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Noise Birds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals
Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulations Assessment - Screening for Likely Significant Effects Dewar, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment Dong Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Analysis of the Argyll Array Turbine Layout Iterations in Relation to Ornithological Constraints Bullman, R.; Shaylon, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement Booth, C.; King, S.; Lacey, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Marine Mammals

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