Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Effects of operational off-shore wind farms on fishes and fisheries. Review report Svendsen, J.; Ibanez-Erquiaga, B.; Savina, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Reptiles
Commercial Wind Lease and Grant Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Humboldt Wind Energy Area, California U.S. Department of the Interior ; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); BOEM Environmental Studies Program Report Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
How can the impacts of an operating wind farm on marine mammals be assessed? Couturier, L.; Curé, C.; Labach, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Marine Mammals
Underwater Acoustic Assessment of Pile Driving during Construction at the Maryland Offshore Wind Project Marine Acoustics Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Behavioral Responses of a Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) Depend on the Frequency Content of Pile-Driving Sounds Kastelein, R.; Jong, C.; Tougaard, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Bat and Bird Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy Development SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
Underwater Noise Effects on Marine Life Associated with Offshore Wind Farms SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Marine birds: vision-based wind turbine collision mitigation Martin, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Birds
On the radar: Weather, bird migration and aeroconservation over the North Sea Bradaric, M. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Study to Examine how Seabird Collision Risk, Displacement and Barrier Effects Could be Integrated for Assessment of Offshore Wind Developments Searle, K.; Butler, A.; Mobbs, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Feasibility of extending SeabORD to the entire breeding season: study Searle, K.; Jones, E.; Bogdanova, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
A review to inform the assessment of the risk of collision and displacement in petrels and shearwaters from offshore wind developments in Scotland Deakin, Z.; Cook, A.; Daunt, F.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Fish
Kurtosis analysis of sounds from down-the-hole pile installation and the implications for marine mammal auditory impairment Guan, S.; Brookens, T.; Miner, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Offshore Wind Energy Permitting Processes in the European Union: An examination of Danish, German, Scottish and Swedish offshore permitting processes and case study of acoustic impact on marine mammals Jack, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Categorizing Active Marine Acoustic Sources Based on Their Potential to Affect Marine Animals Ruppel, C.; Weber, T.; Staaterman, E.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Unstated impacts of the green energy industry on the habitat of a coastal delphinid: Turbid-turbulent wakes induced by offshore wind turbine foundations Huang, S-L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Noise Ecosystem Processes, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment
Passive acoustic monitoring during the construction of the Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind project Lin, T.; Newhall, A.; Miller, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Framework for assessing and mitigating the impacts of offshore wind energy development on marine birds Croll, D.; Ellis, A.; Adams, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Human Dimensions
Wind energy in the city: Hong Kong’s offshore wind energy generation potential, deployment plans, and ecological pitfalls Delina, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Mapping the collision risk between two gull species and offshore wind turbines: Modelling and validation Mikami, K.; Kazama, K.; Kazama, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds
Reviewing the ecological impacts of offshore wind farms Galparsoro, I.; Menchaca, I.; Garmendia, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates
Evaluating Bat Roost Abundance: A Comparison of Drone-Acquired Thermal Imagery and Acoustic Recordings with Visual Observers Jaffe, K.; Carter, R.; Corcoran, A.; et al. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Measuring and visualizing environmental and social impacts of wind energy projects Pian, A.; Verhoef, J.; De Vries, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Wind energy and its link to sustainability in developing countries Kabir, M.; Sree, N.; Khatod, K.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Visual Impacts
Evidence of Nocturnal Migration over Sea and Sex-Specific Migration Distance of Dutch Black-Headed Gulls Fijn, R.; Govers, L.; Lutterop, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Acceptable Levels of Impact from offshore wind farms on the Dutch Continental Shelf for 21 bird species Potiek, A.; Ijntema, G.J.; van Kooten, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Numerical Approximations Methods for Antenna Radiation Patterns for Motus Wildlife Tracking Systems Carlson, E.; Gobeille, D.; Deluca, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Measurement and Modelling of Underwater Acoustic Noise induced by Offshore Wind Turbines under the Effects of Varying Oceanic and Sea-State Conditions Konow, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Investigating avoidance and attraction responses in lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus to offshore wind farms Johnston, D.; Thaxter, C.; Boersch-Supan, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Unravelling the ecological impacts of large-scale offshore wind farms in the Mediterranean Sea Lloret, J.; Turiel, A.; Solé, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism
Landscape Decisions to Meet Net Zero Carbon: Pathways that consider ethics, socio-ecological diversity, and landscape functions. Landscape Decisions Report Cole, B.; Gardner, E.; Willcock, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Recommended metrics for quantifying underwater noise impacts on North Atlantic right whales Marotte, E.; Wright, A.; Breeze, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Current challenges and prospects of wind energy in Belarus Novikau, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
A methodological framework for optimal siting of offshore wind farms: A case study on the island of Crete Gkeka-Serpetsidaki, P.; Tsoutsos, T. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Human Dimensions
A risk-based method to prioritize cumulative impacts assessment on marine biodiversity and research policy for offshore wind farms in France Brignon, J.; Lejart, M.; Nexer, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
A bibliometric review on the implications of renewable offshore marine energy development on marine species Kulkarni, S.; Edwards, D. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Review of seabird monitoring technologies for offshore wind farms Nicholls, A.; Barker, M.; Armitage, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
Application of underwater passive acoustic measurements of ocean sound in precipitation estimation Anagnostou, M.; Anagnostou, E.; Nystuen, J.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Application of Monte Carlo and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Processes for ranking floating wind farm locations Díaz, H.; Teixeira, A.; Soares, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Recreation & Tourism
Wind and Fisheries: Desktop Study on the Coexistence Between Offshore Wind and Fisheries in Southern North Sea II Austrheim, E.; Dahlgren, T.; Handberg, O.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
DRAFT Ocean Wind 1 Offshore Wind Farm Biological Assessment BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Evaluation of a coastal acoustic buoy for cetacean detections, bearing accuracy and exclusion zone monitoring Palmer, K. ; Tabbutt, S.; Gillespie, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Advanced Collision Detection and Site Monitoring for Avian and Bat Species for Offshore Wind Energy (Final Technical Report) Albertani, R.; Johnston, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
US Wind Construction and Operations Plan: Appendix II H1 - Underwater Acoustic Assessment Marine Acoustics, Inc. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Sunrise Wind COP Appendix I1: Underwater Acoustic Assessment JASCO Applied Sciences Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Sunrise Wind COP Appendix O2: Marine Mammal Protected Species Mitigation and Monitoring Plan Sunrise Wind Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals

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