Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Field validation of radar systems for monitoring bird migration Nilsson, C.; Dokter, A.; Schmid, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Use of an optical rangefinder to assess the reliability of seabird flight heights from boat‐based surveyors: implications for collision risk at offshore wind farms Harwood, A.; Perrow, M.; Berridge, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Effects of Noise on Marine Mammals Erbe, C.; Dunlop, R.; Dolman, S. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals
Effective Offshore Piling Noise Mitigation in Deep Waters Elmer, K. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Geological and Geophysical (G&G) Surveys Fact Sheet Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: An individual-based model Warwick-Evans, V.; Atkinson, P.; Walkington, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Collision and displacement vulnerability to offshore wind energy infrastructure among marine birds of the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Kelsey, E.; Felis, J.; Czapanskiy, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
ORJIP Bird Collision and Avoidance Study Skov, H.; Heinänen, S.; Norman, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Marine Noise Budgets in Practice Merchant, N.; Faulkner, R.; Martinez, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany Brandt, M.; Dragon, A.; Diederichs, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals
Predicting the impacts of anthropogenic disturbances on marine populations Nabe-Nielsen, J.; van Beest, F.; Grimm, V.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals
Summary Report: Best Management Practices Workshop for Atlantic Offshore Wind Facilities and Marine Protected Species Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Underwater noise levels of pile-driving in a New Zealand harbour, and the potential impacts on endangered Hector's dolphins Leunissen, E.; Dawson, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Effect of pile-driving sounds on harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) hearing Kastelein, R.; Helder-Hoek, L.; Kommeren, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Swimming Speed of a Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) During Playbacks of Offshore Pile Driving Sounds Kastelein, R.; Van de Voorde, S.; Jennings, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Guiding principles for assessing the impact of underwater noise Faulkner, R.; Farcas, A.; Merchant, N. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Environmental Impact Assessment
Validating automated click detector dolphin detection rates and investigating factors affecting performance Garrod, A.; Fandel, A.; Wingfield, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Dodging the blades: new insights into threedimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Bouten, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Field Observations During Wind Turbine Foundation Installation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island Appendix D: Underwater Sound Monitoring Reports Amaral, J.; Beard, R.; Barham, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Environmental Impact Assessment
Effects of larger turbines for the offshore wind farm at Krieger's Flak, Sweden. Assessment of impact on marine mammals Tougaard, J.; Mikaelsen, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds
Pilot field study: observations from a fixed platform on occurrence and behaviour of common guillemots and other seabirds in offshore wind farm Luchterduinen Mardik, F.; Leopold, M.; Verdaat, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Understanding Marine Mammal Presence in the Virginia Offshore Wind Energy Area Salisbury, D.; Estabrook, B.; Klinck, H.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Assessing and Managing Effect Spheres of Influence Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment
Determining Habitat Use by Marine Mammals and Ambient Noise Levels Using Passive Acoustic Monitoring Offshore of Maryland Bailey, H.; Rice, A.; Wingfield, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Icebreaker Wind Aerial Survey Waterbird Report Stucker, J.; Carlisle, J.; Pham, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl

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