Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment Noer, H.; Christensen, T.; Clausager, I.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Waterfowl, Seabirds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Noise on Marine Mammals and Fish Tomsen, F.; Lüdemann, K.; Kafemann, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Fish
Final Results of Bird Studies at the Offshore Wind Farms at Nysted and Horns Rev, Denmark Petersen, I.; Christensen, T.; Kahlert, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Using a Collision Risk Model to Assess Bird Collision Risks for Offshore Wind Farms Band, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Measurement of Wind Turbine Construction Noise at Horns Rev II Betke, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
The Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammals Boyd, I.; Brownell, B.; Cato, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Ocean Noise: Turn it down - A report on ocean noise pollution McKenna, C.; International Fund for Animal Welfare Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Review of Environmental Data Associated with Post-Consent Monitoring of Licence Conditions of Offshore Wind Farms Marine Management Organisation (MMO) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Bird Monitoring at Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea - Assessing Seabird Displacement Effects Vanermen, N.; Stienen, E.; Courtens, W.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Habitat Preferences of Harbour Seals in the Dutch Coastal Area: Analysis and Estimate of Effects of Offshore Wind Farms Brasseur, S.; Aarts, G.; Meesters, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
A Review of Flight Heights and Avoidance Rates of Birds in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms Cook, A.; Johnson, A.; Wright, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Seabirds & Offshore Wind Farms Monitoring Results 2011 Vanermen, N.; Stienen, E.; Onkelinx, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Lake Michigan Offshore Wind Feasibility Assessment Boezaart, A.; Edmonson, J.; Standridge, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects HT Harvey and Associates Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals
Impact Assessment of an Off-shore Wind Park on Sea Ducks Guillemette, M.; Larsen, J.; Clausager, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change Waterfowl, Birds
Horns Rev 2 Offshore Wind Farm Bird Monitoring Program 2010-2012 Skov, H.; Leonhard, S.; Heinänen, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Harbour Porpoises on Horns Reef Effects of the Horns Reef Wind Farm Jakob, T.; Carstensen, J.; Wisz, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Investigations of the Bird Collision Risk and the Responses of Harbour Porpoises in the Offshore Wind Farms Horns Rev, North Sea, and Nysted, Baltic Sea, in Denmark - Part I: Birds Blew, J.; Hoffmann, M.; Nehls, G.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm 2010 Construction Environmental Monitoring Report Saunders, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Noise Birds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals
Argyll Array Offshore Wind Farm: Habitat Regulations Assessment - Screening for Likely Significant Effects Dewar, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment Dong Energy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals
Analysis of the Argyll Array Turbine Layout Iterations in Relation to Ornithological Constraints Bullman, R.; Shaylon, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Argyll Array Windfarm Basking Shark Draft Chapter for Environmental Statement Booth, C.; King, S.; Lacey, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Marine Mammals
Underwater Radiated Noise Due to the Piling for the Q7 Offshore Wind Park de Jong, C.; Ainslie, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Developing Guidance on Ornithological Cumulative Impact Assessment for Offshore Wind Farm Developers King, S.; Maclean, I.; Norman, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Preliminary Investigations of Bird-Turbine Collisions at Nysted Offshore Wind Farm and Final Quality Control of Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS) Desholm, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Waterfowl, Seabirds, Birds
The Relative Vulnerability of Migratory Bird Species to Offshore Wind Energy Projects on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf: An Assessment Method and Database Willmott, J.; Forcey, G.; Kent, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds
Vulnerability of Scottish Seabirds to Offshore Wind Turbines Furness, B.; Wade, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl
Visual and Radar Observations of Birds in Relation to Collision Risk at the Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farm Christensen, T.; Hounisen, J.; Clausager, I.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS): Development of a Method for Estimating Collision Frequency of Migrating Birds at Offshore Wind Turbines Desholm, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Waterfowl, Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
TADS Investigations of Avian Collision Risk at Nysted Offshore Wind Farm Desholm, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Waterfowl, Seabirds, Passerines, Birds
Summary on Harbour Porpoise Monitoring 1999-2006 around Nysted and Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farms Teilmann, J.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change Marine Mammals
Statutory Nature Conservation Agency Protocol for Minimising the Risk of Injury to Marine Mammals from Piling Noise Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Short-Term Effects of the Construction of Wind Turbines on Harbour Porpoises at Horns Reef Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; Hendriksen, O.; et al. Report Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Testing and validation of automated whistle and click detectors using PAMGUARD 1.0 Yack, T.; Barlow, J.; Rankin, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals
ESRa - Evaluation of Systems for Ramming Noise Mitigation at an Offshore Test Pile Wilke, F.; Kloske, K.; Bellmann, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
A Review of Methods to Monitor Collisions or Micro-Avoidance of Birds with Offshore Wind Turbines - Part 1: Review Strategic Ornithological Support Services Project Collier, M.; Dirksen, S.; Krijgsveld, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
A Review of Methods to Monitor Collisions or Micro-Avoidance of Birds with Offshore Wind Turbines - Part 2: Feasibility Study of Systems to Monitor Collisions Collier, M.; Dirksen, S.; Krijgsveld, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds
Effects of operational off-shore wind farms on fishes and fisheries. Review report Svendsen, J.; Ibanez-Erquiaga, B.; Savina, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Commercial Wind Lease and Grant Issuance and Site Assessment Activities on the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Humboldt Wind Energy Area, California U.S. Department of the Interior ; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); BOEM Environmental Studies Program Report Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Seabird distribution in 3D: assessing risk from offshore wind energy generation Schatz Energy Research Center Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Icebreaker Wind Aerial Survey Waterbird Report Stucker, J.; Carlisle, J.; Pham, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Effects of noise-mitigated offshore pile driving on harbour porpoise abundance in the German Bight 2014-2016 (Gescha 2) Rose, A.; Brandt, M.; Vilela, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Pilot field study: observations from a fixed platform on occurrence and behaviour of common guillemots and other seabirds in offshore wind farm Luchterduinen Leopold, M.; Verdaat, H. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
Marine Mammals Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Southall, B.; Morse, L.; Williams, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals
Underwater Acoustic Assessment of Pile Driving during Construction at the Maryland Offshore Wind Project Marine Acoustics Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
The consequences of seabird habitat loss from offshore wind turbines, version 2 van Kooten, T.; Soudijn, F.; Tulp, I.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Seabirds, Birds
Collision, Displacement and Barrier Effect Concept Note Humphreys, E.; Cook, S.; Burton, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
Assessment of the Potential for Acoustic Deterrents to Mitigate the Impact on Marine Mammals of Underwater Noise Arising from the Construction of Offshore Windfarms Gordon, J.; Thompson, D.; Gillespie, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals

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