Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Noise on Marine Mammals and Fish Tomsen, F.; Lüdemann, K.; Kafemann, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Fish
Measurement of Wind Turbine Construction Noise at Horns Rev II Betke, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
The Effects of Anthropogenic Sound on Marine Mammals Boyd, I.; Brownell, B.; Cato, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Ocean Noise: Turn it down - A report on ocean noise pollution McKenna, C.; International Fund for Animal Welfare Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Review of Environmental Data Associated with Post-Consent Monitoring of Licence Conditions of Offshore Wind Farms Marine Management Organisation (MMO) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Habitat Preferences of Harbour Seals in the Dutch Coastal Area: Analysis and Estimate of Effects of Offshore Wind Farms Brasseur, S.; Aarts, G.; Meesters, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Lake Michigan Offshore Wind Feasibility Assessment Boezaart, A.; Edmonson, J.; Standridge, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Social & Economic Data, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects HT Harvey and Associates Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals
Impact Assessment of an Off-shore Wind Park on Sea Ducks Guillemette, M.; Larsen, J.; Clausager, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change Waterfowl, Birds
Harbour Porpoises on Horns Reef Effects of the Horns Reef Wind Farm Jakob, T.; Carstensen, J.; Wisz, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm 2010 Construction Environmental Monitoring Report Saunders, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Noise Birds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals
Underwater Radiated Noise Due to the Piling for the Q7 Offshore Wind Park de Jong, C.; Ainslie, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Summary on Harbour Porpoise Monitoring 1999-2006 around Nysted and Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farms Teilmann, J.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change Marine Mammals
Statutory Nature Conservation Agency Protocol for Minimising the Risk of Injury to Marine Mammals from Piling Noise Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Short-Term Effects of the Construction of Wind Turbines on Harbour Porpoises at Horns Reef Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; Hendriksen, O.; et al. Report Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Testing and validation of automated whistle and click detectors using PAMGUARD 1.0 Yack, T.; Barlow, J.; Rankin, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals
Effects of operational off-shore wind farms on fishes and fisheries. Review report Svendsen, J.; Ibanez-Erquiaga, B.; Savina, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Effects of noise-mitigated offshore pile driving on harbour porpoise abundance in the German Bight 2014-2016 (Gescha 2) Rose, A.; Brandt, M.; Vilela, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Marine Mammals Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Southall, B.; Morse, L.; Williams, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals
Underwater Acoustic Assessment of Pile Driving during Construction at the Maryland Offshore Wind Project Marine Acoustics Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Assessment of the Potential for Acoustic Deterrents to Mitigate the Impact on Marine Mammals of Underwater Noise Arising from the Construction of Offshore Windfarms Gordon, J.; Thompson, D.; Gillespie, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
The use of Acoustic Deterrents for the mitigation of injury to marine mammals during pile driving for offshore wind farm construction Sparling, C.; Sams, C.; Stephenson, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Noise Marine Mammals
Use of Deterrent Devices and Improvements to Standard Mitigation during Piling Herschel, A.; Stephenson, S.; Sparling, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Attraction Marine Mammals
Use of Deterrent Devices and Improvements to Standard Mitigation during Piling - Research Summary Herschel, A.; Stephenson, S.; Sparling, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Attraction Marine Mammals
Joint Statutory Nature Conservation Bodies Position Statement: ORJIP Project 4, Stage 1 of Phase 2 Statutory Nature Conservation Bodies (SNCB) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Attraction Marine Mammals
Modelling of Noise Effects of Operational Offshore Wind Turbines Including Noise Transmission Through Various Foundation Types Marmo, B.; Roberts, I.; Buckingham, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Effects of Marine Windfarms on the Distribution of Fish, Shellfish and Marine Mammals in the Horns Rev Area Hoffmann, E.; Astrup, J.; Larsen, F.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change, EMF, Avoidance, Attraction Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Assessment of Sub-Sea Acoustic Noise and Vibration from Offshore Wind Turbines and its Impact on Marine Wildlife; Initial Measurements of Underwater Noise during Construction of Offshore Windfarms, and Comparison with Background Noise Nedwell, J.; Langworthy, J.; Howell, D. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Fish
Assessment Of The Effects Of Noise And Vibration From Offshore Wind Farms On Marine Wildlife Vella, G.; Rushforth, I.; Mason, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Fish
Measurement and Interpretation of Underwater Noise During Construction and Operation of Offshore Windfarms in UK Waters Nedwell, J.; Parvin, S.; Edwards, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector WWF France Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Did the Pile Driving during the Construction of the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee, the Netherlands, Impact Local Seabirds? Leopold, M.; Camphuysen, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Seabirds, Birds
Did the Pile Driving during the Construction of the Offshore Wind Farm Egmond aan Zee, the Netherlands, Impact Porpoises? Leopold, M.; Camphuysen, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Framework for Assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects of Offshore Wind Farms: Cumulative Effects of Impulsive Underwater Sound on Marine Mammals Heinis, F.; de Jong, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds
Geological and Geophysical (G&G) Surveys Fact Sheet Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Report Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles
Deepwater Wind Block Island Environmental Assessment and Statement of Findings US Army Corps of Engineers Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Monitoring and Research Shortlist Offshore Wind - Knowledge advancements and follow up Boon, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Effect of exposure duration to pile driving sounds on temporary hearing threshold shift in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Kastelein, R.; Hoek, L.; Covi, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
SORIANT VUM - final report von Benda-Beckmann, A.; de Jong, C.; Binnerts, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Hearing thresholds of two harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) for playbacks of multiple pile driving strike sounds Kastelein, R.; Hoek, L.; Gransier, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Hearing thresholds of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) for playbacks of multiple pile driving strike sounds Kastelein, R.; Hoek, L.; Gransier, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Hearing frequencies of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) temporarily affected by played back offshore pile driving sounds Kastelein, R.; Gransier, R.; Marijt, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Hearing thresholds of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) for narrow-band sweeps (0.125-150 kHz) Kastelein, R.; Schop, J.; Hoek, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Assessing The Benefit Of Noise Reduction Measures During Offshore Wind Farm Construction On Harbour Porpoises Verfuss, U.; Plunkett, R.; Booth, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Summary of pamguard beaked whale click detectors and classifiers used during the 2012 Southern California behavioral response study Keating, J.; Barlow, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals
Taiwanese white dolphins and offshore wind farms Tougaard, J.; Mikaelsen, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
A Framework for Regulating Underwater Noise During Pile Driving Andersson, M.; Andersson, S.; Ahlsén, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Fish, Demersal Fish
Final Underwater Noise Analysis of Cape Wind Energy Project ESS Group Inc Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Reptiles

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