Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Avoidance Behaviour of Birds around Offshore Wind Farms: Overview of Knowledge Including Effects of Configuration Krijgsveld, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Monitoring and Research Shortlist Offshore Wind - Knowledge advancements and follow up Boon, A. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Fish, Birds
Effect of exposure duration to pile driving sounds on temporary hearing threshold shift in harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Kastelein, R.; Hoek, L.; Covi, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
SORIANT VUM - final report von Benda-Beckmann, A.; de Jong, C.; Binnerts, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Hearing thresholds of two harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) for playbacks of multiple pile driving strike sounds Kastelein, R.; Hoek, L.; Gransier, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Effect of pile-driving sound on the survival of fish larvae Bolle, L.; de Jong, C.; Blom, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pelagic Fish, Fish
Hearing thresholds of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) for playbacks of multiple pile driving strike sounds Kastelein, R.; Hoek, L.; Gransier, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Hearing frequencies of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) temporarily affected by played back offshore pile driving sounds Kastelein, R.; Gransier, R.; Marijt, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Hearing thresholds of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) for narrow-band sweeps (0.125-150 kHz) Kastelein, R.; Schop, J.; Hoek, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Assessing The Benefit Of Noise Reduction Measures During Offshore Wind Farm Construction On Harbour Porpoises Verfuss, U.; Plunkett, R.; Booth, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Collision and Displacement Vulnerability Among Marine Birds of the California Current System Associated with Offshore Wind Energy Infrastructure Adams, J.; Kelsey, E.; Felis, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds
Effects of Offshore Pile Driving on Harbour Porpoise Abundance in the German Bight: Assessment of Noise Effects Brandt, M.; Dragon, A.; Diederichs, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Use of High Resolution Sonar for Near-Turbine Fish Observations (DIDSON) - WeSea 2007-002 Couperus, B.; Winter, E.; van Keeken, O.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Avoidance Pelagic Fish, Fish
A Synchronized Sensor Array for Remote Monitoring of Avian and Bat Interactions with Offshore Renewable Energy Facilities Suryan, R.; Albertani, R.; Polagye, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Review of Methods and Techniques for Field Validation of Collision Rates and Avoidance Amongst Birds and Bats at Offshore Wind Turbines Dirksen, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Bats
A Framework for Regulating Underwater Noise During Pile Driving Andersson, M.; Andersson, S.; Ahlsén, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pelagic Fish, Marine Mammals, Fish, Demersal Fish
ORJIP Bird Collision and Avoidance Study Skov, H.; Heinänen, S.; Norman, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Seabirds
Taiwanese white dolphins and offshore wind farms Tougaard, J.; Mikaelsen, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Monitoring and Mitigation Alternatives for Protection of North Atlantic Right Whales during Offshore Wind Farm Installation Carlson, T.; Halvorsen, M.; Matzner, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Human Dimensions, Navigation
RECON: Reef effect structures in the North Sea, islands or connections? Summary Report Coolen, J.; van der Weide, B.; Cuperus, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
ROSA Offshore Wind Project Monitoring Framework and Guidelines ROSA Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Hydrodynamic Modeling, Particle Tracking and Agent-Based Modeling of Larvae in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight Johnson, T.; van Berkel, J.; Mortensen, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Assessing Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Facilities on Regional Sea Scallop Laval and Early Juvenile Transports Chen, C.; Zhao, L.; He, P.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Seafloor Disturbance and Recovery Monitoring at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island – Summary Report Khan, A.; Smith, K. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Marine Spatial Planning
Benthic and Epifaunal Monitoring During Wind Turbine Installation and Operation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island – Project Report Hutchison, Z.; Bartley, M.; English, P.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Nature-Inclusive Design: A Catalogue for Offshore Wind Infrastructure Hermans, A.; Bos, O.; Prusina, I. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Attraction, avoidance and habitat use at various spatial scales Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Landscape Decisions to Meet Net Zero Carbon: Pathways that consider ethics, socio-ecological diversity, and landscape functions. Landscape Decisions Report Cole, B.; Gardner, E.; Willcock, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Investigations into the effects of pile driving at the offshore wind farm Horns Rev II and the FINO III research platform Brandt, M.; Diederichs, A.; Nehls, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Effects of larger turbines for the offshore wind farm at Krieger's Flak, Sweden. Assessment of impact on marine mammals Tougaard, J.; Mikaelsen, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Disturbance Effects on the Harbour Porpoise Population in the North Sea (DEPONS): Status report on model development van Beest, F.; Nabe-Nielsen, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. Report Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals
Bird and Bat Collision Risks & Wind Energy Facilities Willmott, J.; Allison Costello, E.; Gordon, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Field Observations During Wind Turbine Foundation Installation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island Appendix D: Underwater Sound Monitoring Reports Amaral, J.; Beard, R.; Barham, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Environmental Impact Assessment
Field Observations During Wind Turbine Foundation Installation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island Amaral, J.; Beard, R.; Barham, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish
Field Observations During Wind Turbine Installation at the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island Collett, A.; Elliot, J.; Khan, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Life Cycle Assessment
Documenting fish response to seismic surveying and establishing a baseline soundscape for reefs in Onslow Bay, North Carolina Paxton, A.; Voss, C.; Peterson, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines Cook, A.; Humphreys, E.; Masden, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Advancing Migratory Bird Conservation and Management by Using Radar: An Interagency Collaboration Ruth, J.; Barrow, W.; Sojda,R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
The Effect of Simulated Seal Scarer Sounds on Harbour Porpoises Hermannsen, L.; Mikkelsen, L.; Tougaard, J. Report Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
First year post-construction monitoring of bats and birds at Wind Turbine Test Centre Østerild Therkildsen, O.; Elmeros, M. Report Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Request for advice about the displacement of marine mammals around operational offshore windfarms Alcock, P. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Anthropogenic Sound and Fishes Popper, A.; Hawkins, A.; Halvorsen, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Environmental Impact Assessment
Underwater Acoustic Monitoring Data Analyses for the Block Island Wind Farm, Rhode Island HDR Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals
Measuring the Interaction Between Marine Features of Special Protection Areas with Offshore Wind Farm Development Sites Through Telemetry: Final Report Thaxter, C.; Ross-Smith, V.; Clark, N.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision Seabirds, Birds
Investigations of the Bird Collision Risk and the Responses of Harbour Porpoises in the Offshore Wind Farms Horns Rev, North Sea, and Nysted, Baltic Sea, in Denmark - Part II: Harbour porpoises Diederichs,A.; Hennig, V.; Nehls, G. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Marine Mammals, Birds
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Offshore Wind and Marine Renewable Energy in Northern Ireland Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment Report Marine Energy, Tidal, Wave, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Passerines, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Recreation & Tourism, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Comparison of Environmental Effects from Different Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations (2021 Revision) Horwath, S.; Hassrick, J.; Grismala, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles
2nd Iteration: Effect of turbine capacity on collision numbers for three large gull species, based on revised density data, when assessing cumulative effects of offshore wind farms on birds in the southern North Sea van der Wal, J.; Fijn, R.; Gyimesi, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Seabirds, Birds
Collision, Displacement and Barrier Effect Concept Note Humphreys, E.; Cook, S.; Burton, N. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
Effects of noise-mitigated offshore pile driving on harbour porpoise abundance in the German Bight 2014-2016 (Gescha 2) Rose, A.; Brandt, M.; Vilela, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds

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