Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Effects of land-based wind turbine upsizing on community sound levels and power and energy density Hoen, B.; Darlow, R.; Haac, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions
Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern Garthe, S.; Schwemmer, H.; Peschko, V.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Wind energy and noise: Forecasting the future sounds of wind energy projects and facilitating Dutch community participation Solman, H.; Kirkegaard, J.; Kloppenburg, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Social & Economic Data
Managing human activity and marine mammals: A biologically based, relativistic risk assessment framework Southall, B.; Tollit, D.; Amaral, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Assessing differences in acoustic characteristics from impact and vibratory pile installation and their potential effects on the large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) Niu, F.; Xie, J.; Zhang, X.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Fish, Pelagic Fish, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Underwater noise characteristics of offshore exploratory drilling and its impact on marine mammals Huang, L-F.; Xu, X-M.; Yang, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Understanding subjective and situational factors of wind turbine noise annoyance Müller, F.; Leschinger, V.; Hübner, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms in the Belgian Part of the North Sea: Getting ready for offshore wind farm expansion in the North Sea Degraer, S.; Brabant, R.; Rumes, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Ecosystem Benefits of Floating Offshore Wind Haberlin, D.; Cohuo, A.; Doyle, T. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Considerations on environmental, economic, and energy impacts of wind energy generation: Projections towards sustainability initiatives Msigwa, G.; Ighalo, J.; Yap, P-S. Journal Article Wind Energy Changes in Flow, Noise Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Offshore Wind Energy Permitting Processes in the European Union: An examination of Danish, German, Scottish and Swedish offshore permitting processes and case study of acoustic impact on marine mammals Jack, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Low-Carbon, Nature-Inclusive Concrete Gravity-Based Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines Fried, S.; Ozkan, D.; Halldén, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Quantifying Raptors’ Flight Behavior to Assess Collision Risk and Avoidance Behavior to Wind Turbines Linder, A.; Lyhne, H.; Laubek, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Noise pollution from wind turbines and its effects on wildlife: A cross-national analysis of current policies and planning regulations Teff-Seker, Y.; Berger-Tal, O.; Lehnardt, Y.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Powering Healthy Seas: Accelerating Nature Positive Offshore Wind Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
The Potential Compatibility of Designating Offshore Wind Farms within Wider Marine Protected Areas—Conservation of the Chinese White Dolphin Regarding Fishers’ Perception Jhan, H-T.; Lee, H-T.; Ting, K-H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
Workshop Summary on Passive Acoustic Monitoring Data Standards and Management BOEM Office of Renewable Energy Programs Workshop Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Noise Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement
Environmental Impact Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment for a Deep Water Floating Offshore Wind Turbine on the Brazilian Continental Shelf de Paula, L.; Carmo, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Wind energy in the city: Hong Kong’s offshore wind energy generation potential, deployment plans, and ecological pitfalls Delina, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Floating Offshore Wind: Environmental Interactions Roadmap: Public Summary Report ORE Catapult; Xodus Group Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Navigation
Unravelling the ecological impacts of large-scale offshore wind farms in the Mediterranean Sea Lloret, J.; Turiel, A.; Solé, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Changes in Flow, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Recreation & Tourism
Measurement and Modelling of Underwater Acoustic Noise induced by Offshore Wind Turbines under the Effects of Varying Oceanic and Sea-State Conditions Konow, T. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Noise Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Stakeholder Engagement
Environmental impact of renewable energy source based electrical power plants: Solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, tidal, ocean, and osmotic Rahman, A.; Farrok, O.; Haque, M. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment, Social & Economic Data
How far do noise concerns travel? Exploring how familiarity and justice shape noise expectations and social acceptance of planned wind energy projects Dällenbach, N.; Wüstenhagen, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Justice, Social & Economic Data
Wind Farms and Power Lines Have Negative Effects on Territory Occupancy in Eurasian Eagle Owls (Bubo bubo) Husby, M.; Pearson, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Noise Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Offshore renewables need an experimental mindset Johnson, A.; Dawson, C.; Conners, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
Effects of operational off-shore wind farms on fishes and fisheries. Review report Svendsen, J.; Ibanez-Erquiaga, B.; Savina, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Measuring and visualizing environmental and social impacts of wind energy projects Pian, A.; Verhoef, J.; De Vries, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions
Potential impacts of floating wind turbine technology for marine species and habitats Maxwell, S.; Kershaw, F.; Locke, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Displacement, Entanglement, Habitat Change Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Navigation
Climate change effects on the ecophysiology and ecological functioning of an offshore wind farm artificial hard substrate community Voet, H.; van Colen, C.; Vanaverbeke, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Physical Environment, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Recommended metrics for quantifying underwater noise impacts on North Atlantic right whales Marotte, E.; Wright, A.; Breeze, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Challenging dominant sustainability worldviews on the energy transition: Lessons from Indigenous communities in Mexico and a plea for pluriversal technologies Velasco-Herrejón, P.; Bauwens, T.; Friant, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Environmental Impact Assessment, Life Cycle Assessment
Blowing in the Wind—Norwegian Wind Power Photographs in Transition Simonsen, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Noise Human Dimensions, Visual Impacts
Responses of dispersing GPS-tagged Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) to multiple wind farms across Scotland Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Environmental Impact of Solar and Wind energy- A Review Hamed, T.; Alshare, A. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change, Noise Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Visual Impacts
Wind energy and its link to sustainability in developing countries Kabir, M.; Sree, N.; Khatod, K.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Visual Impacts
Comparison of the Home Ranges of Mountain Hawk-Eagles During Different Phases of Wind Farm Construction Nishibayashi, N.; Kitamura, W.; Yoshizaki, S. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance Birds, Raptors
Benchmark characterisation and automated detection of wind farm noise amplitude modulation Nguyen, P.; Hansen, K.; Lechat, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions
FLOATGEN floating wind turbine environmental monitoring report, SEM-REV test site Reynaud, M.; Le Bouhris, E.; Soulard, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind EMF, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
A two-fold increase in migration distance does not have breeding consequences in a long-distance migratory seabird with high flight costs Dufour, P.; Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K.; Lavergne, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Displacement Birds, Seabirds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Land suitability assessment for wind farms through best-worst method and GIS in Balıkesir province of Turkey Tercan, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Stakeholder Engagement
Strategic Environmental Assessment in the Application of Preventive Protection for Wind Farm Noise—Case Study: Maestrale Ring Wind Farm Josimović, B.; Cvjetić, A.; Manić, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions
Environmental and seasonal correlates of capercaillie movement traits in a Swedish wind farm Kämmerle, J.; Taubmann, J.; Andrén, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Long-term quantification and characterisation of wind farm noise amplitude modulation Nguyen, P.; Hansen, K.; Catcheside, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Noise Human Dimensions
A roadmap towards quantitative cumulative impact assessments: Every step of the way Piet, G.; Tamis, J.; Volwater, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Noise Birds, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Non-territorial GPS-tagged golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos at two Scottish wind farms: Avoidance influenced by preferred habitat distribution, wind speed and blade motion status Fielding, A.; Anderson, D.; Benn, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Land-Based Wind Energy Siting: A Foundational and Technical Resource Christol, C.; Oteri, F.; Laurienti, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Terrestrial Mammals, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement, Visual Impacts
Is setback distance the best criteria for siting wind turbines under crowded conditions? An empirical analysis Peri, E.; Tal, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Lighting, Noise Human Dimensions
Draft Preliminary Environmental Assessment: Vandenberg Offshore Wind Energy Projects California State Lands Commission Report Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Fisheries, Visual Impacts

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