Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Disentangling mechanisms responsible for wind energy effects on European bats Leroux, C.; Le Viol, I.; Valet, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Wind turbine power and land cover effects on cumulative bat deaths Moustakas, A.; Georgiakakis, P.; Kret, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Post-construction Bird and Bat Fatality Monitoring for Onshore Wind Energy Facilities in Emerging Market Countries: Good Practice Handbook and Decision Support Tool International Finance Corporation Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
Reanalysis indicates little evidence of reduction in eagle mortality rate by automated curtailment of wind turbines Huso, M.; Dalthorp, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Assessing carcass relocation for offsetting golden eagle mortality at wind energy facilities Lonsdorf, E.; Gerber, J.; Ray, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Bat Behavior at Commercial Wind Turbines as Revealed by 3-D Thermal Videography Aghababian, S. Thesis Wind Energy Collision Bats
Acoustic monitoring reveals spatiotemporal occurrence of Nathusius’ pipistrelle at the southern North Sea during autumn migration Lagerveld, S.; Wilkes, T.; van Puijenbroek, M.; et al. Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance Bats
Bat mortality in wind farms of southern Europe: temporal patterns and implications in the current context of climate change del Mar Salguero, M.; De la Cruz, A.; Munoz, A-R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Climate Change
High Bat Fatality Rates Estimated at Wind Farms in Southern Spain Sanchez-Navarro, S.; Gálvez-Ruiz, D.; Rydell, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Bird Protection Zones in a Wind Park by Ka-Band Radar Surveillance: Field Results from the Wind Testing Site WINSENT Malzer, M.; Burhenn, M.; Beck, S.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Seasonal patterns of bird and bat collision fatalities at wind turbines Lloyd, J.; Butryn, R.; Pearman-Gillman, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind Construction and Operations Plan for Commercial Lease OCS Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind, LLC Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds, Fish, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Visual Impacts
Sex Ratios of Brazilian Free-Tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities in California and Texas LiCari, S. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Ocean Wind 1 Construction and Operations Plan Ocean Wind 1 Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions
2023 North American State of the Bats Report Bat Conservation International Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
European offshore renewable energy, towards a sustainable future Soukissian, T.; O’Hagan, A-M.; Azzellino, A.; et al. Report Marine Energy, Ocean Current, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy, Social & Economic Data
Standardised and referenced acoustic monitoring reliably estimates bat fatalities at wind turbines: comments on 'Limitations of acoustic monitoring at wind turbines to evaluate fatality risk of bats' Behr, O.; Barre, K.; Bontadina, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Birds
Windfarm collisions in medium-sized raptors: even increasing populations can suffer strong demographic impacts Duriez, O.; Pilard, P.; Saulnier, N.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Drivers of bat activity at wind turbines advocate for mitigating bat exposure using multicriteria algorithm-based curtailment Barre, K.; Froidevaux, J.; Sotillo, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Short Science Summary: Collision Risk Modeling – A Tool for Assessing Risks to Raptors at Wind Energy Facilities WREN Summary Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
The presence of wind turbines repels bats in boreal forests Gaultier, S.; Lilley, T.; Vesterinen,E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats
Simulating the influences of bat curtailment on power production at wind energy facilities Hayes, M.; Lindsay, S.; Solick, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Conservation: Tracking bats around wind turbines O'Mara, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Reducing bat mortality at wind farms using site-specific mitigation measures: a case study in the Mediterranean region, Croatia Rnjak, D.; Janeš, M. ; Križan, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Bats
Institutional acceptance of wildlife mitigation technologies for wind energy: The case of Israel Cohen, A.; Fischhendler, I.; Katz, D. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision Bats, Birds
Interdisciplinary analysis of wind energy - a focus on France Kinani, K.; Meunier, S.; Vido, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Social & Economic Data, Visual Impacts
Effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-based system to curtail wind turbines to reduce eagle collisions Duerr, A.; Parsons, A.; Nagy, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A utilization distribution for the global population of Cape Vultures (Gyps coprotheres) to guide wind energy development Cervantes, F.; Murgatroyd, M.; Allan, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Reconciling climate action with the need for biodiversity protection, restoration and rehabilitation Gorman, C.; Torsney, A.; Gaughran, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Climate Change, Legal & Policy
Large soaring raptors vs wind turbines development in the Swiss Alps Vignali, S.; Braunisch, V.; Arlettaz, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Decoding Golden Eagle Movement Behavior from High-Resolution, Variable-Rate Telemetry Data Through Bayesian Filtering Sandhu, R.; Tripp, C.; Quon, E.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Advanced Collision Detection and Site Monitoring for Avian and Bat Species for Offshore Wind Energy (Final Technical Report) Albertani, R.; Johnston, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Drone-mounted audio-visual deterrence of bats: implications for reducing aerial wildlife mortality by wind turbines Werber, Y.; Hareli, G.; Yinon, O.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
A review of raptor carcass persistence trials and the practical implications for fatality estimation at wind farms Wilson, D.; Hulka, S.; Bennun, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
The species-specificity of energy landscapes for soaring birds, and its consequences for transferring suitability models across species Scacco, M.; Arrondo, E.; Donazar, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow, Collision Birds, Raptors
Limited rigor in studies of raptor mortality and mitigation at wind power facilities Conkling, T.; McClure, C.; Cuadros, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Quantifying Raptors’ Flight Behavior to Assess Collision Risk and Avoidance Behavior to Wind Turbines Linder, A.; Lyhne, H.; Laubek, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Significant decline of Griffon Vulture collision mortality in wind farms during 13-year of a selective turbine stopping protocol Ferrer, M.; Alloing, A.; Baumbush, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Offshore and coastline migration of radio-tagged Nathusius' pipistrelles Bach, P.; Voigt, C.; Göttsche, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Bats
Environmental Effects of U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Development: Compilation of Educational Research Briefs SEER Summary Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Physical Environment, Reptiles
International assessment of priority environmental issues for land-based and offshore wind energy development Green, R.; Gill, E.; Hein, C.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment
Event detection for avian and bat wildlife on wind turbine blades Drachnik, N. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Wind turbines without curtailment produce large numbers of bat fatalities throughout their lifetime: A call against ignorance and neglect Voigt, C.; Kaiser, K.; Look, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Curtailment as a successful method for reducing bat mortality at a southern Australian wind farm Bennett, E.; Florent, S.; Venosta, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
National-scale impacts on wind energy production under curtailment scenarios to reduce bat fatalities Maclaurin, G.; Hein, C.; Williams, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Bats, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
The Potential Compatibility of Designating Offshore Wind Farms within Wider Marine Protected Areas—Conservation of the Chinese White Dolphin Regarding Fishers’ Perception Jhan, H-T.; Lee, H-T.; Ting, K-H. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Legal & Policy, Marine Spatial Planning
A Monte-Carlo based 3-D ballistics model for guiding bat carcass surveys using environmental and turbine operational data Prakash, S.; Markfort, C. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision Bats
Distance to hedgerows drives local repulsion and attraction of wind turbines on bats: Implications for spatial siting Leroux, C.; Kerbiriou, C.; Le Viol, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Activity of forest specialist bats decreases towards wind turbines at forest sites Ellerbrok, J.; Delius, A.; Peter, F.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Bats
Diet analysis of bats killed at wind turbines suggests large-scale losses of trophic interactions Scholz, C.; Voigt, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Invertebrates

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