Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Wind farms and Griffon Vultures: Evidence that under certain conditions history is not-always turbulent Farfan, M.; Díaz-Ruiz, F.; Duarte, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-based system to curtail wind turbines to reduce eagle collisions Duerr, A.; Parsons, A.; Nagy, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Decoding Golden Eagle Movement Behavior from High-Resolution, Variable-Rate Telemetry Data Through Bayesian Filtering Sandhu, R.; Tripp, C.; Quon, E.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
The species-specificity of energy landscapes for soaring birds, and its consequences for transferring suitability models across species Scacco, M.; Arrondo, E.; Donazar, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Changes in Flow, Collision Birds, Raptors
Significant decline of Griffon Vulture collision mortality in wind farms during 13-year of a selective turbine stopping protocol Ferrer, M.; Alloing, A.; Baumbush, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Flight characteristics forecast entry by eagles into rotor-swept zones of wind turbines Rolek, B.; Braham, M.; Miller, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Stochastic agent-based model for predicting turbine-scale raptor movements during updraft-subsidized directional flights Sandhu, R.; Tripp, C.; Quon, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Bayesian State-Space Modeling Framework for Understanding and Predicting Golden Eagle Movements Using Telemetry Data Sandhu, R.; Tripp, C.; Brandes, D.; et al. Presentation Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Eagles enter rotor-swept zones of wind turbines at rates that vary per turbine McClure, C.; Rolek, B.; Braham, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Demographic and potential biological removal models identify raptor species sensitive to current and future wind energy Diffendorfer, J.; Stanton, J.; Beston, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A pathway for citizen science data to inform policy: A case study using eBird data for defining low-risk collision areas for wind energy development Ruiz-Gutierrez, V.; Bjerre, E.; Otto, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Adaptive management to improve eagle conservation at terrestrial wind facilities New, L.; Simonis, J.; Otto, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Predicting Bald Eagle Collision at Wind Energy Facilities Nasman, K.; Bay, K.; Mattson, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 Pearse, A.; Sherfy, M.; Wimer, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment
Eagle fatalities are reduced by automated curtailment of wind turbines McClure, C.; Rolek, B.; Dunn, L.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Black kites of different age and sex show similar avoidance responses to wind turbines during migration Santos, C.; Ferraz, R.; Muñoz, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Use of Upland and Riparian Areas by Wintering Bald Eagles and Implications for Wind Energy Schmuecker, S.; Becker, D.; Lanzone, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Resource selection of apex raptors: implications for siting energy development in sagebrush and prairie ecosystems Squires, J.; Olson, L.; Wallace, Z.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Raptors
Identifying Birds' Collision Risk with Wind Turbines Using a Multidimensional Utilization Distribution Method Khosravifard, S.; Skidmore, A.; Naimi, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Landscape anthropization shapes the survival of a top avian scavenger Arrondo, E.; Sanz-Aguilar, A.; Perez-Garcia, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Assess risk of individual turbines to Golden Eagles Miller, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Review of Raptor Sections of the Bluestone Wind Avian Risk Assessment Miller, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Developing an efficient protocol for monitoring eagle fatalities at wind energy facilities Hallingstad, E.; Rabie, P.; Telander, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Behavioral accommodation of nesting hawks to wind turbines Watson, J.; Keren, I.; Davies, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance Birds, Raptors
Evaluating a Commercial-Ready Technology for Raptor Detection and Deterrence at a Wind Energy Facility in California Terrill, S.; Howell, J.; Smith, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Golden Eagle Fatalities and the Continental-Scale Consequences of Local Wind-Energy Generation Katzner, T.; Nelson, D.; Braham, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Quantifying the Demographic Cost of Human-Related Mortality to a Raptor Population Hunt, W.; Wiens, J.; Law, P.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Predicting Eagle Fatalities at Wind Facilities Bay, K.; Nasman, K.; Erickson, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Black - billed Cuckoo Conservation Plan for the California Ridge Wind Energy Project Champaign and Vermilion Counties, Illinois Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Final Report Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Bird Fatality Study, Monitoring Years 2005–2013 ICF International Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A Collision Risk Model to Predict Avian Fatalities at Wind Facilities: An Example Using Golden Eagles, Aquila chrysaetos New, L.; Bjerre, M.; Millsap, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Curtailing Wind Turbine Operations to Reduce Avian Mortality Singh, K.; Baker, E.; Lackner, M. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Avoidance Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Home Range and Resource Selection by GPS-Monitored Adult Golden Eagles in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion: Implications for Wind Power Development Watson, J.; Duff, A.; Davies, R. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Testing an Emerging Paradigm in Migration Ecology Shows Surprising Differences in Efficiency between Flight Modes Duerr, A.; Miller, T.; Lanzone, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Criterion Wind Project Avian Protection Plan Young, D.; Tidhar, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide Jones, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats
Griffon Vulture Mortality at Wind Farms in Southern Spain: Distribution of Fatalities and Active Mitigation Measures de Lucas, M.; Ferrer, M.; Bechard, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Weak Relationship Between Risk Assessment Studies and Recorded Mortality in Wind Farms Ferrer, M.; Lucas, M.; Janss, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility Ocotillo Express Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Mortality at wind-farms is positively related to large-scale distribution and aggregation in griffon vultures Carrete, M.; Sanchez-Zapata, J.; Benitez, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Where eagles nest, the wind also blows: consolidating habitat and energy needs Wilson, J.; Wilson, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Development of a Comprehensive Conservation Strategy for the North Shore Region of Minnesota in the Context of Future Wind Power Development Peterson, A.; Niemi, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Keeping the West Wild: Conservation and Rapid Energy Development Fargione, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Environmental Justice, Legal & Policy
Migratory Bird Research for the Proposed County Line Wind Energy Site: Fall 2011 Field Season Gehring, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Effects of wind farms and food scarcity on a large scavenging bird species following an epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy Martinez-Abrain, A.; Tavecchia, G.; Regan, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Ecosystem Processes, Birds
Joint Fact Finding and Stakeholder Consensus Building at the Altamont Wind Resource Area in California Bartlett, G. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds
Raptor mortality in wind farms of southern Spain: mitigation measures on a major migration bottleneck area Gallego, A.; Lucas, M.; Casado, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Avian, Bat and Habitat Cumulative Impacts Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Of Eastern Washington and Oregon 2011 Johnson, G.; Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Response of Raptors to a Windfarm Garvin, J.; Jennelle, C.; Drake, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Potential impact of wind farms on territories of large eagles in southeastern Spain Martinez, J.; Calvo, J.; Zuberogoita, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors

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