Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Spatial planning offshore wind energy farms in California for mediating fisheries and wildlife conservation impacts White, C.; Wang, Y-H; Walter, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Displacement, Entanglement Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Review of red-throated diver prey species in the Thames Estuary Pollock, C.; Barton, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Fish
A new method for quantifying redistribution of seabirds within operational offshore wind farms finds no evidence of within-wind farm displacement Trinder, M.; O'Brien, S.; Deimel, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement Seabirds
Little tern Sternula albifrons use of Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm in 2013 Perrow, M.; Harwood, A. ; Praca, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Modelling the abundance and area use of wintering Red-throated Divers in the Outer Thames Estuary Skov, H.; Heinänen, S.; Lohier, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Robin Rigg Solway Offshore Wind Farm: Bird Monitoring Programme Report No. 8: construction phase bird surveys October-December 2009 and comparison of construction phase data with previous baseline Percival, S.; Percival, T.; Hartley, C. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Robin Rigg Offshore Wind Farm: Before and During-construction Marine Mammal Monitoring Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Ltd (CMACS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Marine Mammals
Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm: Seal Monitoring: Analysis of the 2006 post-construction aerial surveys and summary of the monitoring programme results from 2002-2006 Skeate, E.; Perrow, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Marine Mammals
Scroby Sands Ornithological Monitoring: Assessing the impacts of the Scroby Sands Offshore Wind Farm upon Little Tern Sternula albifrons: summary of monitoring programme 2002-2006 ECON Ecological Consultancy Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Fish
Scroby Sands Ornithological Monitoring: Assessing the potential impact of the proposed wind farm upon Little tern Sterna albifrons: the construction phase 2004 Perrow, M.; Skeate, E.; Tomlinson, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds
Scroby Sands Seal Monitoring: Analysis of 2003 aerial surveys and summary of baseline data Perrow, M.; Skeate, E. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Marine Mammals
A framework for studying the effects of offshore wind energy development on birds and bats in the Eastern United States Williams, K.; Gulka, J.; Cook, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Reduced survival in a soaring bird breeding in wind turbine proximity along the northern Baltic Sea coast Nebel, C.; Stjernberg, T.; Tikkanen, H.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Toward solving the global green–green dilemma between wind energy production and bat conservation Voigt, C.; Bernard, E.; Huang, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats
Assessing exposure to wind turbines of a migratory raptor through its annual life cycle across continents Assandri, G.; Bazzi, G.; Bermejo-Bermejo, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Raptors
Reproductive output of Hen Harriers Circus cyaneus in relation to wind turbine proximity Fernandez-Bellon, D.; Irwin, S.; Wilson, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Improving Methods for Estimating Fatality of Birds and Bats at Wind Energy Facilities Warren-Hicks, W.; Newman, J.; Wolpert, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
A synthesis of human-related avian mortality in Canada Calvert, A.; Bishop, C.; Elliot, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Bats: Implications for Conservation Arnett, E.; Baerwald, E. Book Chapter Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
The Impacts of Small and Medium Wind Turbines on Bats Moyle, A. Thesis Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Bird and Bat Collision Risks & Wind Energy Facilities Willmott, J.; Allison Costello, E.; Gordon, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Estimating habitat loss due to wind turbine avoidance by bats: Implications for European siting guidance Barre, K.; Le Viol, I.; Bas, Y.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats
Bird and Bird Habitats: Guidelines for Wind Power Projects Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Evaluating Digital VHF Technology to Monitor Shorebird and Seabird Use of Offshore Wind Energy Areas in the Western North Atlantic Loring, P. Thesis Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement, Collision Shorebirds, Seabirds, Birds
Displacement of seabirds by an offshore wind farm in the North Sea Welcker, J.; Nehls, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Seabirds, Birds
Collision and displacement vulnerability to offshore wind energy infrastructure among marine birds of the Pacific Outer Continental Shelf Kelsey, E.; Felis, J.; Czapanskiy, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Combining radar and direct observation to estimate pelican collision risk at a proposed wind farm on the Cape west coast, South Africa Jenkins, A.; Reid, T.; du Plessis, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Waterfowl, Birds
Bird Migration Intensity and Number of Collision Victims at the Wind Power Plant Le Peuchapatte (Switzerland) Aschwanden, J.; Liechti, F. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
The Challenges of Addressing Wildlife Impacts When Repowering Wind Energy Projects Smallwood, K. Book Chapter Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Bird Mortality in Two Dutch Wind Farms: Effects of Location, Spatial Design and Interactions with Powerlines Brenninkmeijer, A.; Klop, E. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Evaluating a Commercial-Ready Technology for Raptor Detection and Deterrence at a Wind Energy Facility in California Terrill, S.; Howell, J.; Smith, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Impacts of Wind Farms on Birds in Evros and Rhodopi, Greece: Preliminary results Ruiz, G.; Poirazidis, K.; Schindler, S. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Impacts of Wind Turbines on the Population and Nest Site Selection of the Montagu’s Harrier in the Hellweg Börde, North Rhine-Westphalia Joest, R.; Griesenbrock, B.; Illner, H. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Raptors, Birds
Telemetric Monitoring of Montagu’s Harrier in Schleswig-Holstein Grajetzky, B.; Nehls, G. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Raptors, Birds
Bird and Bat Species' Global Vulnerability to Collision Mortality at Wind Farms Revealed Through a Trait-Based Assessment Thaxter, C.; Buchanan, G.; Carr, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Impacts to Birds and Bats Due to Collisions and Electrocutions from Some Tall Structures in the United States: Wires, Towers, Turbines, and Solar Arrays - State of the Art in Addressing the Problems Manville, A. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Conflicts Between Birds and On-Shore Wind Farms Zwart, M.; McKenzie, A.; Minderman, J.; et al. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds
Developing Field and Analytical Methods to Assess Avian Collision Risk at Wind Farms Band, W.; Madders, M.; Whitfield, D. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
A Theoretical Approach to Estimating Bird Risk of Collision with Wind Turbines Where Empirical Flight Activity Data Are Lacking Furness, R.; Trinder, M.; MacArthur, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision Birds
The Avoidance Rates of Collision Between Birds and Offshore Turbines Cook, A.; Humphreys, E.; Masden, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Seabirds
Impacts of onshore wind energy production on birds and bats: recommendations for future life cycle impact assessment developments Laranjeiro, T.; May, R.; Verones, F. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Direct Mortality of Birds from Anthropogenic Causes Loss, S.; Will, T.; Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds
Feasibility Study for Meta-Analysis of Red-Throated Diver Displacement Dirksen, S.; Coppack, T.; Searle, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Burbo Bank Extension Offshore Wind Farm: Red-throated Diver Displacement Ellis, I.; Ward, R. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
No Evidence for Displacement of Wintering Red-breasted Geese Branta ruficollis (Pallas, 1769) (Anseriformes) at a Wind Farms Area in Northeast Bulgaria: Long-term Monitoring Results Zahtindjiev, P.; Vasilev, V.; Marinov, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Possible Behavioural, Energetic and Demographic Effects of Displacement of Red-throated Divers Dierschke, V.; Furness, R.; Gray, C.; et al. Report Displacement Birds, Waterfowl
Large-scale citizen science improves assessment of risk posed by wind farms to bats in southern Scotland Newson, S.; Evans, H.; Gillings, S.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Bats
Effectiveness of a mitigation measure for the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) in wind farms in Spain Pescador, M.; Ramírez, J.; Peris, S. Journal Article Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds
Effects of Individuals Lost Due to Wind Turbines on the Time of Occupying a Territory, the Survival of Breeding Territories and the Breeding Success of White-Tailed Sea Eagles (Case Studies) Grunkorn, T.; Nehls, G. Book Chapter Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Raptors, Birds
Assessment of Displacement Impacts of Offshore Windfarms and Other Human Activities on Red-Throated Divers and Alcids McGovern, S.; Goddard, B.; Rehfisch, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Displacement Birds

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