Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and OES-Environmental metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers.
As an alternative to the Knowledge Base, check out the Map Viewer to access geotagged content in a spatial view.
| Title | Author* | Date** | Type of Content | Technology Types | Stressors |
Receptors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assessing local population vulnerability with branching process models: an application to wind energy development | Erickson, R., et al. | December 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats, Birds |
| Wind Energy Development: Methods to Assess Bird and Bat Fatality Rates Post-Construction | Huso, M., et al. | April 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats, Birds |
| A Spatial Explicit Agent Based Model Approach to Evaluate the Performance of Different Monitoring Options for Mortality Estimates in the Scope of Onshore Windfarm Impact Assessments | Santos, M., et al. | February 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats, Birds |
| Industrial Wind Turbine Post-Construction Bird and Bat Monitoring: A Policy Framework for Canada | Parisé, J., Walker, T. | October 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats, Birds |
| Long Search Intervals Underestimate Bird and Bat Fatalities Caused by Wind Turbines | Smallwood, K. | June 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats, Birds |
| Using network analysis to identify indicator species and reduce collision fatalities at wind farms | Sebastian-Gonzalez, E., et al. | August 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats, Birds |
| Wind Energy Development: Methods for Assessing Risks to Birds and Bats Pre-Construction | Katzner, T., et al. | April 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Bats, Birds |
| Assessing spring direct mortality to avifauna from wind energy facilities in the Dakotas | Graff, B., et al. | March 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats, Birds |
| Empirical Evidence for Factors Affecting Searcher Efficiency and Scavenging Rates at a Coastal, Terrestrial Wind-Power Facility | Peters, K., Mizrahi, D., Allen, M. | December 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats, Birds |
| Impacts of Wind Energy Developments on Wildlife: A Southern Hemisphere Perspective | Parsons, S., Battley, P. | February 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats, Birds |
| Estimating Bird and Bat Fatality at Wind Farms: A Practical Overview of Estimators, their Assumptions and Limitations | Bernardino, J., et al. | February 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats, Birds |
| Characterising the Impacts of Emerging Energy Development on Wildlife, with an Eye Towards Mitigation | Northrup, J., Wittemyer, G. | January 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds |
| The avian and wildlife costs of fossil fuels and nuclear power | Sovacool, B. | December 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds |
| Wind Power Plants and the Conservation of Birds and Bats in Spain: A Geographical Assessment | Telleria, J. | June 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Habitat Change | Bats, Birds |
| Bats are not birds and other problems with Sovacool's (2009) analysis of animal fatalities due to electricity generation | Willis, C., et al. | April 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision, Displacement | Bats, Birds |
| Wind Power Company Compliance with Mitigation Plans in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area | Smallwood, K. | April 2008 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Collision, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds |
| Impacts of onshore wind energy production on birds and bats: recommendations for future life cycle impact assessment developments | Laranjeiro, T., May, R., Verones, F. | February 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Bats, Birds |
| Impacts of Wind Energy on Environment: A Review | Wang, S., Wang, S. | September 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision | Bats, Birds |
| Patterns of Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities in North America | Arnett, E., et al. | January 2008 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Do you hear what I hear? Implications of detector selection for acoustic monitoring of bats | Adams, A., et al. | September 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Noise | Bats |
| Thresholds for Bats Killed by Wind Turbines | Arnett, E., Barclay, R., Hein, C. | May 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Geographic Variation in Activity and Fatality of Migratory Bats at Wind Energy Facilities | Baerwald, E., Barclay, R. | December 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Patterns of activity and fatality of migratory bats at a wind energy facility in Alberta, Canada | Baerwald, E., Barclay, R. | July 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Bats |
| A Large-Scale Mitigation Experiment to Reduce Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities | Baerwald, E., et al. | September 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| A New Stochastic Dynamic Tool to Improve the Accuracy of Mortality Estimates for Bats Killed at Wind Farms | Bastos, R., Santos, M., Cabral, J. | November 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Survey of Bat Mortalities at a Wind-Energy Facility in North Dakota | Bicknell, L., Gilliam, E. | June 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Evidence of Late-Summer Mating Readiness and Early Sexual Maturation in Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats Found Dead at Wind Turbines | Cryan, P., et al. | October 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Evidence of Latitudinal Migration in Tri-colored Bats, Perimyotis subflavus | Fraser, E., et al. | February 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Bats |
| Red Aviation Lights on Wind Turbines do not Increase Bat-Turbine Collisions | Hale, A., Bennett, V. | August 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device, Lighting | Bats |
| Bats Killed in Large Numbers at United States Wind Energy Facilities | Hayes, M. | January 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Seasonal and Geographic Trends in Acoustic Detection of Tree-Roosting Bats | Johnson, J., et al. | June 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Advances in Sex Determination in Bats and its Utility in Wind-Wildlife Studies | Korstian, J., et al. | May 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Wind Farm Facilities in Germany Kill Noctule Bats from Near and Far | Lehnert, L., et al. | August 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Wind Turbines and Bat Mortality: Rotor Detectability Profiles | Long, C., et al. | October 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Effectiveness of Search Dogs Compared with Human Observers in Locating Bat Carcasses at Wind-Turbine Sites: A Blinded Randomized Trial | Mathews, F., et al. | March 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| An Update on the Status of Red Bats, Lasiurus blossevillii and Lasiurus borealis, in British Columbia | Nagorsen, D., Paterson, B. | November 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Calculation of Wind Farm Production Losses via MERRA Data in Consequence of Bat Based Temporary Wind Turbine Shut Downs | Raabe, J., Schorer, T., Junge, J. | February 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| A Forensic Investigation Into the Etiology of Bat Mortality at a Wind Farm: Barotrauma or Traumatic Injury? | Rollins, K., et al. | January 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| A Modelling Approach to Infer the Effects of Wind Farms on Landscape Connectivity for Bats | Roscioni, F., et al. | April 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Bats |
| Regional-Scale Modelling of the Cumulative Impact of Wind Farms on Bats | Roscioni, F., et al. | July 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Bats |
| The Catchment Area of Wind Farms for European Bats: A Plea for International Regulations | Voigt, C., et al. | September 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Using echolocation monitoring to model bat occupancy and inform mitigations at wind energy facilities | Weller, T., Baldwin, J. | November 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Bats |
| Patterns of Acoustical Activity of Bats Prior to and Following White-Nose Syndrome Occurrence | Ford, W., et al. | January 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Estimating Sample Size for Landscape-Scale Mark-Recapture Studies of North American Migratory Tree Bats | Schorr, R., Ellison, L., Lukacs, P. | June 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Bat Activity in Intensively Farmed Landscapes with Wind Turbines and Offset Measures | Millon, L., et al. | February 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Wildlife and Renewable Energy: German Politics Cross Migratory Bats | Voigt, C., et al. | April 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Investigating the Causes of Death for Wind Turbine-Associated Bat Fatalities | Grodsky, S., et al. | October 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Mortality of Bats at a Large-Scale Wind Power Development at Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota | Johnson, G., et al. | January 2003 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Bat Mortality at Wind Turbines in Northwestern Europe | Rydell, J., et al. | July 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Accounting for False-Positive Acoustic Detections of Bats Using Occupancy Models | Clement, M., et al. | October 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Another Blown in the Wind: Bats and the Licensing of Wind Farms in Brazil | Valença, R., Bernard, E. | October 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Blown in the Wind: Bats and Wind Farms in Brazil | Bernard, E., et al. | December 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| A Comment on "Bats Killed in Large Numbers at United States Wind Energy Facilities" | Huso, M., Dalthorp, D. | June 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Do Habitat Characteristics Determine Mortality Risk for Bats at Wind Farms? Modelling Susceptible Species Activity Patterns and Anticipating Possible Mortality Events | Ferreira, D., et al. | July 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| First Report on Bat Mortalities on Wind Farms in Chile | Escobar, L., et al. | January 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Monitoring the Potential Impact of A Wind Development Site on Bats in the Northeast | Reynolds, D. | January 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Pre-Construction Bat Activity At Four Wind Energy Sites in Northeastern British Columbia | Nagorsen, D., Robertson, I., Sarell, M. | January 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| A Preliminary Evaluation on the Use of Dogs to Recover Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities | Arnett, E. | December 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| First records of dead bats (Chiroptera) from wind farms in Croatia | Zagmajster, M., Jancar, T., Mlakar, J. | July 2007 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Multiple Mortality Events in Bats: A Global Review | O'Shea, T., et al. | July 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Differences in bat activity in relation to bat detector height: implications for bat surveys at proposed windfarm sites | Collins, J., Jones, G. | December 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Post construction monitoring of wind farms: First records of direct impact on bats in Italy | Ferri, V., et al. | January 2011 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Bats in a Mediterranean Mountainous Landscape: Does Wind Farm Repowering Induce Changes at Assemblage and Species Level? | Ferri, V., Battisti, C., Soccini, C. | June 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Environmental Assessment Studies on wind turbines and bat populations - a step towards best practice guidelines | N/A | January 2005 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Seasonal Bat Activity in Relation to Distance to Hedgerows in an Agricultural Landscape in Central Europe and Implications for Wind Energy Development | Kelm, D., et al. | April 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Incidence and Management of Live and Injured Bats at Wind Energy Facilities | Klug, B., Baerwald, E. | January 2010 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Bat mortality due to collision with wind turbines in Kutch District, Gujarat, India | Kumar, S., Samsoor-Ali, A., Arun, P. | September 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Landscape-Scale Effects of Single- and Multiple Small Wind Turbines on Bat Activity | Minderman, J., et al. | February 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Bat Collisions with Wind Turbines in Southwestern Minnesota | Osborn, R., et al. | January 1996 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Factors Associated with Bat Mortality at Wind Energy Facilities in the United States | Thompson, M., et al. | November 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Mitigating the negative impacts of tall wind turbines on bats: Vertical activity profiles and relationships to wind speed | Wellig, S., et al. | March 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Increasing Evidence that Bats Actively Forage at Wind Turbines | Hale, A., et al. | November 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Mating Eastern Red Bats Found Dead at a Wind Energy Facility | Solick, D., et al. | June 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Insect Prey Eaten by Hoary Bats (Lasiurus cinereus) Prior to Fatal Collisions with Wind Turbines | Valdez, E., Cryan, P. | December 2013 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Bats probe the aerosphere during landscape-guided altitudinal flights | Voigt, C., Roeleke, M., Bumrungsri, S. | November 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Continental‐scale, seasonal movements of a heterothermic migratory tree bat | Cryan, P., Stricker, C., Wunder, M. | June 2014 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Barbastelle bats in a wind farm: are they at risk? | Apoznanski, G., et al. | August 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Regional Analysis of Wind Turbine-Caused Bat Mortality | Drake, D., et al. | June 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Bat Mortality Due to Wind Turbines in Canada | Zimmerling, J., Francis, C. | November 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Bats in a tropical wind farm: species composition and importance of the spatial attributes of vegetation cover on bat fatalities | Bolivar-Cime, B., et al. | July 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Inconspicuous echolocation in hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) | Corcoran, A., Weller, T. | May 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Effects of wind energy generation and white-nose syndrome on the viability of the Indiana bat | Erickson, R., et al. | December 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Bats |
| Habitat use of migratory bats killed during autumn at wind turbines | Voigt, C., et al. | April 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Bats |
| Effects of a wind farm installation on the understory bat community of a highly biodiverse tropical region in Mexico | Briones-Salas, M., Lavariega, M., Moreno, C. | June 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Static Device | Bats |
| Bat fatalities at wind farms in Taiwan | Chou, C., et al. | June 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Bat activity during autumn relates to atmospheric conditions: implications for coastal wind energy development | Smith, A., McWilliams, S. | December 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind, Offshore Wind | Static Device | Bats |
| Species composition and mortality of bats at the Osorio Wind Farm, southern Brazil | Barros, M., de Magalhaes, R., Rui, A. | January 2015 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| Carcass Age and Searcher Identity Affect Morphological Assessment of Sex of Bats | Nelson, D., et al. | November 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | Dynamic Device | Bats |
| A review of the major threats and challenges to global bat conservation | Frick, W., Kingston, T., Flanders, J. | January 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| First three‐dimensional tracks of bat migration reveal large amounts of individual behavioral flexibility | O'Mara, M., et al. | September 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| An evidence-based approach to specifying survey effort in ecological assessments of bat activity | Richardson, S., et al. | March 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| A smart curtailment approach for reducing bat fatalities and curtailment time at wind energy facilities | Hayes, M., et al. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Day of Year, Temperature, Wind, and Precipitation Predict Timing of Bat Migration | Pettit, J., O'Keefe | October 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Genetic Diversity in Migratory Bats: Results from RADseq Data for Three Tree Bat Species at an Ohio Windfarm | Sovic, M., Carstens, B., Gibbs, H. | January 2016 | Journal Article | Wind Energy general, Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Mating Behavior as a Possible Cause of Bat Fatalities at Wind Turbines | Cryan, P. | April 2008 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Collision | Bats |
| Echolocation activity of migratory bats at a wind energy facility: testing the feeding-attraction hypothesis to explain fatalities | Reimer, J., Baerwald, E., Barlay, R. | December 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Attraction | Bats |
| Multi-state occupancy models of foraging habitat use by the Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) | Gorresen, P., et al. | October 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
| Resource Availability May Not Be a Useful Predictor of Migratory Bat Fatalities or Activity at Wind Turbines | Bennett, V., Hale, A. | June 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Attraction | Bats |
| Wind turbines impact bat activity, leading to high losses of habitat use in a biodiversity hotspot | Millon, L., et al. | March 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Bats |
| Composition and activity of arthropodivorous bat community in wind farms in the Mexican Tropics | Garcia-Luis, M., Briones-Salas, M. | December 2017 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | N/A | Bats |
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