Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and OES-Environmental metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers.
As an alternative to the Knowledge Base, check out the Map Viewer to access geotagged content in a spatial view.
Title | Author* | Date** | Type of Content |
Technology Types![]() |
Stressors | Receptors |
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A Study of the Risk of Collision with Power Lines by Waterbirds in Winter at Shotton Steel Works, North Wales | Balmer, D., Henderson, I., Clark, N. | April 1995 | Report | Wind Energy (General) | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Waterfowl |
Barriers to Movement: Impacts of Wind Farms on Migrating Birds | Masden, E., et al. | February 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General) | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl |
The Effect of Avoidance Rates on Bird Mortality Predictions Made by Wind Turbine Collision Risk Models | Chamberlain, D., et al. | March 2006 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General) | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl |
Effects of Wind Turbines and Other Physical Elements on Field Utilization by Pink-Footed Geese (Anser brachyrhynchus): A Landscape Perspective | Larsen, J., Madsen, J. | December 2000 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl |
Breeding and Overland Flight of Red- Throated Divers (Gavia stellata) at Smøla, Norway, in relation to the Smøla wind farm | Halley, D., Hopshaug, P. | October 2007 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Waterfowl |
Combining radar and direct observation to estimate pelican collision risk at a proposed wind farm on the Cape west coast, South Africa | Jenkins, A., et al. | February 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Waterfowl |
Impacts of wind turbines on redheads in the Laguna Madre | Lange, C., Ballard, B., Collins, D. | January 2018 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Avoidance | Birds, Waterfowl |
Habitat Use, Disturbance and Collision Risks for Bewick's Swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii Wintering Near a Wind Farm in the Netherlands | Fijn, R., et al. | January 2012 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Land-Based Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Waterfowl |
Influence of Behavior on Bird Mortality in Wind Energy Developments | Smallwood, K., Rugge, L., Morrison, M. | September 2009 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Waterfowl |
Preliminary Investigations of Bird-Turbine Collisions at Nysted Offshore Wind Farm and Final Quality Control of Thermal Animal Detection System (TADS) | Desholm, M. | January 2005 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl |
Vulnerability of Scottish Seabirds to Offshore Wind Turbines | Furness, B., Wade, H. | February 2012 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl |
Assessment of the Effects of Offshore Wind in Birds | Percival, S. | January 2001 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Birds, Seabirds, Waterfowl |
Avian Collision Risk at an Offshore Wind Farm | Desholm, M., Kahlert, J. | June 2005 | Journal Article | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Waterfowl |
Collision Mortalities at Horseshoe Shoal of Bird Species of Special Concern | Hatch, J., Brault, S. | January 2007 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl |
Effects on Birds of an Offshore Wind Park at Horns Rev: Environmental Impact Assessment | Noer, H., et al. | January 2000 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Waterfowl, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment |